A Comparison of p53 Isoform Profiles and Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin or a Herbal Khat Extract (Catha Edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) in Leukemic Cell Lines: Exploring Cellular Responses in Therapy Development
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Khat Reduced MOLM-13 Proliferation/Viability in a Concentration Dependent Manner
2.2. Khat Induced p53 Protein in MOLM-13 but Temporary Attenuated p53 in MV-4-11
2.3. Khat Altered p53 Isoform Distribution and Induced Post-Translational Modifications
2.4. Khat Induced Phosphorylation and Acetylation of p53 in MOLM-13 and MV-4-11
2.5. p38 Inhibitors Sensitized Resistant MV-4-11 Cells to Khat
2.6. Functional p53 Protein Is Not Essential for Khat-Mediated Cell Death
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) Extract
4.2. Chemicals
4.3. Cell Lines and Cultivation
4.4. Cell Death Determination Based on Nuclear Morphology
4.5. Cell Viability/Proliferation Assay
4.6. Animal Experiments
4.7. Measurement of Cell Death in Primary Mouse Bone Marrow Cells
4.8. Flow Cytometry
4.9. One-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and Western Blotting
4.10. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D-PAGE)
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Onyango, T.B.; Hjelle, S.M.; Haaland, I.; Vintermyr, O.K.; Johannessen, A.C.; Gjertsen, B.T. A Comparison of p53 Isoform Profiles and Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin or a Herbal Khat Extract (Catha Edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) in Leukemic Cell Lines: Exploring Cellular Responses in Therapy Development. Cancers 2020, 12, 3596. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123596
Onyango TB, Hjelle SM, Haaland I, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC, Gjertsen BT. A Comparison of p53 Isoform Profiles and Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin or a Herbal Khat Extract (Catha Edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) in Leukemic Cell Lines: Exploring Cellular Responses in Therapy Development. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3596. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123596
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnyango, Therese Bredholt, Sigrun M. Hjelle, Ingvild Haaland, Olav K. Vintermyr, Anne Christine Johannessen, and Bjørn Tore Gjertsen. 2020. "A Comparison of p53 Isoform Profiles and Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin or a Herbal Khat Extract (Catha Edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) in Leukemic Cell Lines: Exploring Cellular Responses in Therapy Development" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3596. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123596