Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis
3. Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Cancer Responses to Therapy
4. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Risk Factor | Expression Description | n | Prognostic Relevance | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ESCC | ||||
LC3 * | High/Postive | 150 | (M, OS) OR 1.657, 95% CI; 1.048–2.622 | [35] |
43 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.032) | [36] | ||
129 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.0382) | [26] | ||
142 | Increased overall survival (p = 0.04) | [38] | ||
Negative | 118 | Decreased overall survial (p = 0.021) | [43] | |
Beclin-1 | Negative | 54 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.004) | [44,45] |
118 | (M, OS) HR 0.511, 95% CI; 0.299–0.874 | [43] | ||
ULK1 | High | 248 | (M, OS) RR 2.220, 95% CI: 1.434–3.436 | [46] |
Low | 86 | (U, OS) HR 1.754, 95% CI: 1.022–3.010 | [45] | |
LC3, Beclin-1 | Positive, Positive | 150 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.038) | [35] |
LC3A, p53 | High, High | 114 | (M, OS) HR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.536–6.183 | [39] |
EAC | ||||
LC3 | Low (Diffuse Cytoplasmic) | 104 | Decreased overall survival (p < 0.001) | [41] |
High (Crescent or Ring-like) | 104 | Decreased overall survival (p = 0.02) | ||
High (Globular) | 104 | (M, OS NaN) HR 6.086, 95% CI: 3.179–11.653 | ||
p62 (Cyto/Nuc) | Low/Low | 116 | (M, OS) HR 0.561, 95% CI: 0.329–0.956 | [42] |
LC3B, p62 | Low, Low | 116 | (M, OS) HR 0.549, 95% CI: 0.330–0.914 |
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Saxena, R.; Klochkova, A.; Murray, M.G.; Kabir, M.F.; Samad, S.; Beccari, T.; Gang, J.; Patel, K.; Hamilton, K.E.; Whelan, K.A. Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes. Cancers 2019, 11, 1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111697
Saxena R, Klochkova A, Murray MG, Kabir MF, Samad S, Beccari T, Gang J, Patel K, Hamilton KE, Whelan KA. Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111697
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaxena, Reshu, Alena Klochkova, Mary Grace Murray, Mohammad Faujul Kabir, Safiyah Samad, Tyler Beccari, Julie Gang, Kishan Patel, Kathryn E. Hamilton, and Kelly A. Whelan. 2019. "Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111697