Novel Antrodia cinnamomea Extract Reduced Cancer Stem-Like Phenotype Changes and Resensitized KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer via a MicroRNA-27a Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of AC009 on CRC Cell Proliferation
2.2. Effects of AC009 on HCT116 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
2.3. Effect of AC009 on Caspase Activation and Bcl-2 Inhibition
2.4. In Vivo Antitumor Effect of AC009
2.5. MiRNA and mRNA Microarray Analysis
2.6. Effect of AC009 on KRAS Protein Expression and Restoration of Cetuximab Antitumor Ability
2.7. Effect of AC009 on Restoring Cetuximab Antitumor Ability in In Vivo Models
2.8. Effect of miR-27a on Restoring Cetuximab Antitumor Ability
2.9. Effect of AC009 on Cancer Cell Stemness
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Chemicals
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Cell Viability Sulforhodamine (SRB) Assay
4.4. Crystal Violet Assay
4.5. Lactate Dehydrogenase Releasing (LDH) Assay
4.6. Cell-Cycle Assay
4.7. Apoptosis Assay
4.8. Western Blotting Assay
4.9. Microarray Analysis
4.10. MiRNA Retrotranscription and Quantitative PCR
4.11. MiRNA and MiRNA Inhibitor Transfection
4.12. In Vivo Xenograft Model
4.13. Immunohistochemistry Study
4.14. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, T.-J.; Lai, K.-C.; Lee, A.-S.; Chang, C.-H.; Liu, C.-L.; Chung, C.-H. Novel Antrodia cinnamomea Extract Reduced Cancer Stem-Like Phenotype Changes and Resensitized KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer via a MicroRNA-27a Pathway. Cancers 2019, 11, 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111657
Lin T-J, Lai K-C, Lee A-S, Chang C-H, Liu C-L, Chung C-H. Novel Antrodia cinnamomea Extract Reduced Cancer Stem-Like Phenotype Changes and Resensitized KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer via a MicroRNA-27a Pathway. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111657
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Tsung-Jen, Kuo-Chu Lai, An-Sheng Lee, Chien-Hsin Chang, Chiung-Lin Liu, and Ching-Hu Chung. 2019. "Novel Antrodia cinnamomea Extract Reduced Cancer Stem-Like Phenotype Changes and Resensitized KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer via a MicroRNA-27a Pathway" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111657