Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators
2.1. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)
2.2. Silenced Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3
2.3. IκB Kinase α (IκBα)
2.4. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3)
2.5. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3)
3. Targeting Intracellular Immune Regulators Ex Vivo: DC Vaccines
3.1. IDO1
3.2. SOCS1 and SOCS3
3.3. STAT3
4. Targeting Intracellular Immune Regulators In Vivo: DNA Vaccines
4.1. IDO1
4.2. IκBα
4.3. FOXO3
4.4. STAT3
5. Strategies of Improving siRNA/shRNA and Immunotherapy Efficacy
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strategy | Species | Clinical Trial | Target Gene | Type of DC | Knockdown Method | Tumor Antigen | Tumor Type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DC vaccines | Mouse | No | IDO1 | BMDC | Liposome | Tumor cell lysate | Breast cancer | 58 |
DC vaccines | Human | No | IDO1 | PBMC-derived DC | Electroporation | hTERT Survivin | Ovarian cancer | 59 |
DC vaccines | Human | No | IDO1 | PBMC-derived DC | Electroporation | No | No | 60 |
DC vaccines | Mouse | No | SOCS1 | BMDC | Lentivirus | Trp2 | Melanoma | 62 |
DC vaccines | Mouse | No | SOCS1 | BMDC | Adenovirus | HPV16 E7 | Ovarian cancer | 64 |
DC vaccines | Human | Phase I | SOCS1 | PBMC-derived DC | Adenovirus | Survivin Mucin1 | acute myeloid leukemia | 68 |
DC vaccines | Mouse | No | STAT3 | BMDC | Nanoparticle | No | Melanoma | 69 |
DC vaccines | Mouse | No | STAT3 | BMDC | Liposome | No | Melanoma | 70 |
Strategy | Species | Target Gene | Targeting Site | Knockdown Method | Tumor Antigen | Tumor Type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA vaccines | Mouse | IDO1 | Skin | Biolistic device | Her2/neu | Bladder and colon cancer | 76 |
DNA vaccines | Mouse | IDO1 | Muscle | Intramuscular injection | No | Lung cancer | 78 |
DNA vaccines | Mouse | IDO1 | Systemic | Bacteria-transformed, intravenous injection | No | Melanoma | 79 |
DNA vaccines | Mouse | IκBα | Skin | intradermal injection | Trp2 | Melanoma | 80 |
In vivo DNA vaccines | Mouse | FOXO3 | Skin | Biolistic device | Her2/neu | Bladder cancer | 81 |
In vivo DNA vaccines | Mouse | STAT3 | Systemic | Bacteria-transformed, Oral administration | Survivin | Melanoma | 82 |
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Liu, Y.-H.; Yeh, I.-J.; Lai, M.-D.; Liu, K.-T.; Kuo, P.-L.; Yen, M.-C. Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells. Cancers 2019, 11, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010108
Liu Y-H, Yeh I-J, Lai M-D, Liu K-T, Kuo P-L, Yen M-C. Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells. Cancers. 2019; 11(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010108
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yao-Hua, I-Jeng Yeh, Ming-Derg Lai, Kuan-Ting Liu, Po-Lin Kuo, and Meng-Chi Yen. 2019. "Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells" Cancers 11, no. 1: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010108