Druggable Nucleolin Identifies Breast Tumours Associated with Poor Prognosis That Exhibit Different Biological Processes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Association of NCL mRNA Levels with Overall and Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer
2.2. Characterization of Breast Tumours Expressing Either Low or High NCL mRNA Levels
2.3. Prognostic Value of NCL in Breast Cancer Subtypes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Breast Cancer and Healthy Donor Samples
4.2. RT-qPCR Analyses
4.3. Statistical Analyses
4.4. Transcriptomic Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Samples (n = 216) | Low NCL (n = 44) | Intermediate NCL (n = 129) | High NCL (n = 43) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
Median | 59.0 | 58.5 | 59.0 | 60.0 | 0.557 # |
(min–max) | (28–90) | (28–78) | (31–90) | (35–88) | |
Invasive grade | |||||
No data | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Grade 1 | 14 (6.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (6.3%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.013 $ |
Grade 2 | 59 (28.0%) | 7 (16.7%) | 42 (33.1%) | 10 (23.8%) | |
Grade 3 | 138 (65.4%) | 35 (83.3%) | 77 (60.6%) | 26 (61.9%) | |
Tumour size (mm) | |||||
n | 204 | 42 | 120 | 42 | |
Median | 28.0 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 26.0 | 0.641 # |
(min–max) | (5–110) | (11–80) | (7–110) | (5–110) | |
Invaded lymph node | |||||
No (n = 0) | 98 (45.4%) | 21 (47.7%) | 58 (45.0%) | 19 (44.2%) | 0.936 † |
Yes (n ≥ 1) | 118 (54.6%) | 23 (52.3%) | 71 (55.0%) | 24 (55.8%) | |
ER status | |||||
No data | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Negative | 70 (32.7%) | 25 (56.8%) | 34 (26.8%) | 11 (25.6%) | <0.001 † |
Positive | 144 (67.3%) | 19 (43.2%) | 93 (73.2%) | 32 (74.4%) | |
PR status | |||||
No data | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Negative | 117 (54.7%) | 31 (70.5%) | 58 (45.7%) | 28 (65.1%) | 0.005 † |
Positive | 97 (45.3%) | 13 (29.5%) | 69 (54.3%) | 15 (34.9%) | |
HER2 status | |||||
No data | 16 | 2 | 11 | 3 | |
Negative | 127 (63.5%) | 24 (57.1%) | 78 (66.1%) | 25 (62.5%) | 0.579 † |
Positive | 73 (36.5%) | 18 (42.9%) | 40 (33.9%) | 15 (37.5%) | |
Intrinsic breast cancer subtype | |||||
No data | 16 | 2 | 11 | 3 | |
ER+ PR+/− HER2− | 87 (43.5%) | 11 (26.2%) | 58 (49.2%) | 18 (45.0%) | 0.105 † |
ER+/− PR+/− HER2+ | 73 (36.5%) | 18 (42.9%) | 40 (33.9%) | 15 (37.5%) | |
ER− PR− HER2− | 40 (20.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | 20 (16.9%) | 7 (17.5%) |
Variable | Overall Survival | Disease-Free Survival | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
NCL | Intermediate | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Low | 2.31 | (1.39–3.85) | 2.32 | (1.43–3.78) | |||
High | 1.55 | (0.93–2.58) | 0.0044 | 1.67 | (1.03–2.71) | 0.0019 | |
Tumour size | <30 mm | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
≥30 mm | 2.53 | (1.66–3.85) | <0.0001 | 2.17 | (1.46–3.23) | 0.0001 | |
Invaded lymph nodes | n = 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
n ≥ 1 | 1.60 | (1.04–2.46) | 0.0320 | 1.68 | (1.12–2.53) | 0.0130 |
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Nguyen Van Long, F.; Lardy-Cleaud, A.; Bray, S.; Chabaud, S.; Dubois, T.; Diot, A.; Jordan, L.B.; Thompson, A.M.; Bourdon, J.-C.; Perol, D.; et al. Druggable Nucleolin Identifies Breast Tumours Associated with Poor Prognosis That Exhibit Different Biological Processes. Cancers 2018, 10, 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100390
Nguyen Van Long F, Lardy-Cleaud A, Bray S, Chabaud S, Dubois T, Diot A, Jordan LB, Thompson AM, Bourdon J-C, Perol D, et al. Druggable Nucleolin Identifies Breast Tumours Associated with Poor Prognosis That Exhibit Different Biological Processes. Cancers. 2018; 10(10):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100390
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen Van Long, Flora, Audrey Lardy-Cleaud, Susan Bray, Sylvie Chabaud, Thierry Dubois, Alexandra Diot, Lee B. Jordan, Alastair M. Thompson, Jean-Christophe Bourdon, David Perol, and et al. 2018. "Druggable Nucleolin Identifies Breast Tumours Associated with Poor Prognosis That Exhibit Different Biological Processes" Cancers 10, no. 10: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100390