Microfluidic-Based Technique for Measuring RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity in a Continuous and Simultaneous Fashion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Sample Preparation
2.2. Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device and Experimental Procedure
2.3. Quantification of Image Intensity and Blood Flow-Rate
2.4. Simultaneous Measurement of RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity in Continuous Blood Flows
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of Channel Widths for Inducing and Disaggregating RBCs under Constant Value of Blood Flow Rates
3.2. Quantitative Evaluation of RBC Aggregation Index and Blood Viscosity under Constant Blood Flows
3.3. Quantitative Evaluation of RBC Aggregation Index and Blood Viscosity under Pulsatile Blood Flow
3.4. Quantitative Evaluation of RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity under an In-Vitro Fluidic Circuit
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RBC Aggregation | Blood Viscosity | Simultaneous | Comments | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methods | Continuous | Methods | Continuous | |||
Photometric intensity | X | X | -Vacuum pump -Light backscattering or transmission | [19,20] | ||
X | X | -Pinch valve -Light transmission | [15] | |||
Electric impedance | X | X | -Pipette [21] or syringe pump [22] -Conductivity | [21,22] | ||
Ultrasonic imaging | X | X | -Syringe pump -Speckle size | [23] | ||
Microscopic imaging | X | X | -Pressure system -Aggregate size | [26] | ||
X | X | -Syringe pump -Cluster size or occurrence | [25] | |||
X | X | -Inverted syringe pump -intensity variations | [27] | |||
Periodic (T = 4–5 min) | X | -Air-suction pump [18] or syringe pump [16,17] (on-off blood flows) -Intensity variations | [16,17,18] | |||
Periodic (T = 4 min) | Modified parallel flows | O | O | -Two syringe pumps (on-off blood flows) -Intensity variations -Interfacial locations | [24] | |
Periodic (T = 400 s) | Modified parallel flows | O | O | -Two syringe pumps (on-off blood flows) -Intensity variations -Interfacial locations | [9] | |
Co-flowing streams | Periodic | X | -Two syringe pumps -Flow rate for relocating interface to the center | [34] | ||
Microflow compartment | O | X | -Two syringe pumps -Numbers of channels filled with each fluid at the same flow rate | [35,36] | ||
Reversal flow switching | Periodic | X | -Two syringe pumps -Flow rate for inducing reversal flow in the bridge channel | [10,11,37,38,39] | ||
Advancing meniscus | X | X | -Surface tension-driven blood flow -Mean velocity | [29,30,31,32] | ||
X | X | -Blood delivery (pressure [28] or pipette [33]) -Smartphone-based imaging | [28,33] | |||
Electric impedance | O | X | -Syringe pump -Electric resistance | [40,41] |
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Kang, Y.J. Microfluidic-Based Technique for Measuring RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity in a Continuous and Simultaneous Fashion. Micromachines 2018, 9, 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090467
Kang YJ. Microfluidic-Based Technique for Measuring RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity in a Continuous and Simultaneous Fashion. Micromachines. 2018; 9(9):467. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090467
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Yang Jun. 2018. "Microfluidic-Based Technique for Measuring RBC Aggregation and Blood Viscosity in a Continuous and Simultaneous Fashion" Micromachines 9, no. 9: 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090467