Cell Monitoring and Manipulation Systems (CMMSs) based on Glass Cell-Culture Chips (GC3s)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sensor and Manipulation Structures
2.1. Design and Fabrication of the Structures
2.2. Temperature Sensors
2.3. Interdigitated Electrode Structure (IDES)
2.4. Multi-Electrode Array (MEA)
2.5. Stimulation and Ground Electrodes
2.6. Oxygen (O2) Sensor
2.7. pH Sensor
2.8. Electro-Poration Electrodes
2.9. Dielectrophoresis
2.10. Electro-Thermal Micro-Pumps (ETµPs)
3. Sensorized Glass Chips
3.1. Glass Neurochip (GNC)
3.2. Glass Metabolic Chip
4. Cell Culture
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Temperature Sensors
5.2. IDES Measurements
5.3. MEA: Cell Manipulation and Action-Potential Determination
5.3.1. Dielectrophoretic Cell Positioning
5.3.2. Detection of Action Potentials
5.3.3. Detection of Action Potentials: Relationship between the MEA-Pad Diameter and the Signal Voltage
5.3.4. Effect of Mefloquine on Neuronal Network Activity
5.4. Oxygen Measurements
5.5. pH Measurements
6. Electro-Thermal Micro Pumps (ETµPs)
7. Electro-Poration Electrodes
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AC | Alternating current |
ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
CMF | Clausius-Mossotti factor |
CMMS | Cell monitoring and manipulation systems |
DC | Direct current |
DEP | Dielectrophoresis |
DIV | Days in vitro |
DMEM | Dulbeccco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
DSMZ | German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures |
E16 | Embryonic day 16 |
ETµP | Electro-thermal micro-pumps |
GC3 | Glass cell-culture chip |
GNC | Glass-neuro chip |
IDES | Interdigitated electrode structure |
ISFET | Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor |
MEA | Multi-electrode array |
PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
PDL | Poly-d-lysine |
PDMS | Poly-dimethyl-siloxane |
PNC | Murine embryonic primary neuronal cells |
Pt | Platinum |
SD | Standard deviation |
SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
Si3N4 | Silicon nitride |
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Buehler, S.M.; Stubbe, M.; Bonk, S.M.; Nissen, M.; Titipornpun, K.; Klinkenberg, E.-D.; Baumann, W.; Gimsa, J. Cell Monitoring and Manipulation Systems (CMMSs) based on Glass Cell-Culture Chips (GC3s). Micromachines 2016, 7, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7070106
Buehler SM, Stubbe M, Bonk SM, Nissen M, Titipornpun K, Klinkenberg E-D, Baumann W, Gimsa J. Cell Monitoring and Manipulation Systems (CMMSs) based on Glass Cell-Culture Chips (GC3s). Micromachines. 2016; 7(7):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7070106
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuehler, Sebastian M., Marco Stubbe, Sebastian M. Bonk, Matthias Nissen, Kanokkan Titipornpun, Ernst-Dieter Klinkenberg, Werner Baumann, and Jan Gimsa. 2016. "Cell Monitoring and Manipulation Systems (CMMSs) based on Glass Cell-Culture Chips (GC3s)" Micromachines 7, no. 7: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7070106