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Micromachines
Volume 17
Issue 7
10.3390/mi17070810
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management

by
Junkai Zhang
1,
Zerui Li
1,
Yukun Zhong
1,
Aaiza Gul
2 and
U Kei Cheang
1,3,4,*
1
Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
4
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2026, 17(7), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17070810
Submission received: 22 May 2026 / Revised: 25 June 2026 / Accepted: 28 June 2026 / Published: 2 July 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-/Nano-Electromagnetic and Acoustic Devices)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Magnetic actuation is a fundamental enabling technology for micro/nanorobotics and biomedical manipulation. However, the trade-off between magnetic field gradient, usable workspace, and efficient heat dissipation often conflicts and constrains its performance. Here, we present an enhanced electromagnetic manipulation system (EEMS) based on a compact, high-efficiency magnetic circuit and an optimized six-electromagnet configuration. By integrating high-permeability structural components and employing finite-element-based optimization, the system achieves a spherical workspace of 106 mm in diameter while maintaining strong and spatially controllable magnetic fields. Experimental results demonstrate magnetic flux densities up to 300 mT and a magnetic field gradient up to 9.5 T/m within the workspace, with a central magnetic field gradient of approximately 2 T/m under continuous operation at 3 A. Thermal simulations and measurements confirm safe operation below human body temperature without active cooling. Magnetic manipulation experiments in viscous environments further validate precise motion control and force balancing, highlighting the system’s potential for advanced magnetic manipulation and intelligent microrobotic applications.
Keywords: magnetic manipulation; enhanced electromagnet; magnetic field optimization; FEM simulation; micro/nanorobotics magnetic manipulation; enhanced electromagnet; magnetic field optimization; FEM simulation; micro/nanorobotics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, J.; Li, Z.; Zhong, Y.; Gul, A.; Cheang, U.K. An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management. Micromachines 2026, 17, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17070810

AMA Style

Zhang J, Li Z, Zhong Y, Gul A, Cheang UK. An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management. Micromachines. 2026; 17(7):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17070810

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Junkai, Zerui Li, Yukun Zhong, Aaiza Gul, and U Kei Cheang. 2026. "An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management" Micromachines 17, no. 7: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17070810

APA Style

Zhang, J., Li, Z., Zhong, Y., Gul, A., & Cheang, U. K. (2026). An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management. Micromachines, 17(7), 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17070810

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