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Article

A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications

1
Centro Protesi Inail, Vigorso di Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
2
Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2024, 15(4), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040480
Submission received: 29 February 2024 / Revised: 23 March 2024 / Accepted: 29 March 2024 / Published: 30 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biosensors and Micro-Nano Biomedical Devices)

Abstract

The restoration of sensory feedback is one of the current challenges in the field of prosthetics. This work, following the analysis of the various types of sensory feedback, aims to present a prototype device that could be used both for implantable applications to perform PNS and for wearable applications, performing TENS, to restore sensory feedback. The two systems are composed of three electronic boards that are presented in detail, as well as the bench tests carried out. To the authors’ best knowledge, this work presents the first device that can be used in a dual scenario for restoring sensory feedback. Both the implantable and wearable versions respected the expected values regarding the stimulation parameters. In its implantable version, the proposed system allows simultaneous and independent stimulation of 30 channels. Furthermore, the capacity of the wearable version to elicit somatic sensations was evaluated on healthy participants demonstrating performance comparable with commercial solutions.
Keywords: sensory feedback; nerve stimulation; PNS; TENS; implantable electronics; wearable sensory feedback; nerve stimulation; PNS; TENS; implantable electronics; wearable

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mereu, F.; Cordella, F.; Paolini, R.; Scarpelli, A.; Demofonti, A.; Zollo, L.; Gruppioni, E. A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications. Micromachines 2024, 15, 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040480

AMA Style

Mereu F, Cordella F, Paolini R, Scarpelli A, Demofonti A, Zollo L, Gruppioni E. A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications. Micromachines. 2024; 15(4):480. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040480

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mereu, Federico, Francesca Cordella, Roberto Paolini, Alessia Scarpelli, Andrea Demofonti, Loredana Zollo, and Emanuele Gruppioni. 2024. "A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications" Micromachines 15, no. 4: 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040480

APA Style

Mereu, F., Cordella, F., Paolini, R., Scarpelli, A., Demofonti, A., Zollo, L., & Gruppioni, E. (2024). A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications. Micromachines, 15(4), 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040480

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