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Micromachines
Volume 14
Issue 10
10.3390/mi14101928
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Article

Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms

by
Yuktesh Kalidindi
1,
Aravinda Krishna Ganapathy
2,
Yash Nayak
2,
Anusha Elumalai
3,
David Z. Chen
2,
Grace Bishop
3,
Adrian Sanchez
3,
Brian Albers
4,
Anup S. Shetty
3 and
David H. Ballard
3,*
1
School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
2
School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
3
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
4
St. Louis Children’s Hospital Medical 3D Printing Center, BJC Healthcare, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2023, 14(10), 1928; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101928
Submission received: 11 September 2023 / Revised: 6 October 2023 / Accepted: 11 October 2023 / Published: 14 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Section B2: Biofabrication and Tissue Engineering)
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Abstract

Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current–time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). The resins exhibited a wide range of attenuation values (−3.33 to 2666.27 HU), closely mimicking a range of human tissues, from fluids to dense bone structures. The resins also demonstrated consistent attenuation regardless of changes in the tube current. The CT attenuation analysis of FormLabs resins produced an archive of radiological imaging characteristics of photopolymers that can be utilized to construct more accurate tissue mimicking medical phantoms and improve the evaluation of imaging device performance.
Keywords: 3D printing; FormLabs; attenuation; stereolithography; computed tomography 3D printing; FormLabs; attenuation; stereolithography; computed tomography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kalidindi, Y.; Ganapathy, A.K.; Nayak, Y.; Elumalai, A.; Chen, D.Z.; Bishop, G.; Sanchez, A.; Albers, B.; Shetty, A.S.; Ballard, D.H. Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101928

AMA Style

Kalidindi Y, Ganapathy AK, Nayak Y, Elumalai A, Chen DZ, Bishop G, Sanchez A, Albers B, Shetty AS, Ballard DH. Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms. Micromachines. 2023; 14(10):1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101928

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalidindi, Yuktesh, Aravinda Krishna Ganapathy, Yash Nayak, Anusha Elumalai, David Z. Chen, Grace Bishop, Adrian Sanchez, Brian Albers, Anup S. Shetty, and David H. Ballard. 2023. "Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms" Micromachines 14, no. 10: 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101928

APA Style

Kalidindi, Y., Ganapathy, A. K., Nayak, Y., Elumalai, A., Chen, D. Z., Bishop, G., Sanchez, A., Albers, B., Shetty, A. S., & Ballard, D. H. (2023). Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms. Micromachines, 14(10), 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14101928

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