Comparison of Laser-Synthetized Nanographene-Based Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fabrication Processes
2.3. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Liu, Y.; Pharr, M.; Salvatore, G.A. Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 9614–9635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ho, D.H.; Sun, Q.; Kim, S.Y.; Han, J.T.; Kim, D.H.; Cho, J.H. Stretchable and Multimodal All Graphene Electronic Skin. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 2601–2608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ntagios, M.; Nassar, H.; Pullanchiyodan, A.; Navaraj, W.T.; Dahiya, R. Robotic Hands with Intrinsic Tactile Sensing via 3D Printed Soft Pressure Sensors. Adv. Intell. Syst. 2019, 1900080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Navaraj, W.T.; Núñez, C.G.; Shakthivel, D.; Vinciguerra, V.; Labeau, F.; Gregory, D.H.; Dahiya, R. Nanowire FET Based Neural Element for Robotic Tactile Sensing Skin. Front. Neurosci. 2017, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, T. Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring. Small 2017, 13, 1602790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Romero, F.J.; Castillo, E.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Toral-Lopez, A.; Becherer, M.; Ruiz, F.G.; Rodriguez, N.; Morales, D.P. Inexpensive and flexible nanographene-based electrodes for ubiquitous electrocardiogram monitoring. NPJ Flex. Electron. 2019, 3, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, Y.; Gao, W. Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48, 1465–1491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Trifunovic, M.; Sberna, P.M.; Shimoda, T.; Ishihara, R. Solution-based polycrystalline silicon transistors produced on a paper substrate. NPJ Flex. Electron. 2017, 1, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Maiolo, L.; Pecora, A.; Maita, F.; Minotti, A.; Zampetti, E.; Pantalei, S.; Macagnano, A.; Bearzotti, A.; Ricci, D.; Fortunato, G. Flexible sensing systems based on polysilicon thin film transistors technology. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2013, 179, 114–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Subbiah, A.S.; Mathews, N.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Sarkar, S.K. Novel Plasma-Assisted Low-Temperature-Processed SnO2 Thin Films for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 1482–1491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, J.; Zhang, M.; Wan, S.; Yang, Z.; Hwang, C.S. Highly Flexible Resistive Switching Memory Based on the Electronic Switching Mechanism in the Al/TiO2/Al/Polyimide Structure. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 1828–1835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, W.; Ai, T.; Yu, Q. Electrical and photocatalytic properties of boron-doped ZnO nanostructure grown on PET–ITO flexible substrates by hydrothermal method. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, S.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, Z.; Guo, C.F. Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1805924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, S.; Lorenzelli, L.; Dahiya, R.S. Technologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates: A Review. IEEE Sens. J. 2015, 15, 3164–3185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nathan, A.; Ahnood, A.; Cole, M.T.; Lee, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Hiralal, P.; Bonaccorso, F.; Hasan, T.; Garcia-Gancedo, L.; Dyadyusha, A.; et al. Flexible Electronics: The Next Ubiquitous Platform. Proc. IEEE 2012, 100, 1486–1517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romero, F.J.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Becherer, M.; Morales, D.P.; Rodríguez, N. Fabrication and Characterization of Humidity Sensors Based on Graphene Oxide–PEDOT: PSS Composites on a Flexible Substrate. Micromachines 2020, 11, 148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Goliya, Y.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Salmeron, J.F.; Albrecht, A.; Mock, J.; Haider, M.; Russer, J.; Cruz, B.; Eschlwech, P.; Biebl, E.; et al. Next Generation Antennas Based on Screen-Printed and Transparent Silver Nanowire Films. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2019, 7, 1900995. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Falco, A.; Loghin, F.C.; Becherer, M.; Lugli, P.; Salmerón, J.F.; Rivadeneyra, A. Low-Cost Gas Sensing: Dynamic Self-Compensation of Humidity in CNT-Based Devices. ACS Sens. 2019, 4, 3141–3146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Albrecht, A.; Salmeron, J.F.; Becherer, M.; Lugli, P.; Rivadeneyra, A. Screen-Printed Chipless Wireless Temperature Sensor. IEEE Sens. J. 2019, 19, 12011–12015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alioto, M.; Shahghasemi, M. The Internet of Things on Its Edge: Trends Toward Its Tipping Point. IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 2018, 7, 77–87. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, G.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J. A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 797–828. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhong, C.; Deng, Y.; Hu, W.; Qiao, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J. A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 7484–7539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- González, A.; Goikolea, E.; Barrena, J.A.; Mysyk, R. Review on supercapacitors: Technologies and materials. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 58, 1189–1206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pandolfo, A.G.; Hollenkamp, A.F. Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 2006, 157, 11–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamberti, A.; Clerici, F.; Fontana, M.; Scaltrito, L. A Highly Stretchable Supercapacitor Using Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes onto Elastomeric Substrate. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1600050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, Z.; Lin, J.; Ye, R.; Samuel, E.L.G.; Tour, J.M. Flexible and Stackable Laser-Induced Graphene Supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 3414–3419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, D.; Yu, P.; Ma, Y. High performance supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. Carbon 2011, 49, 573–580. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, Z.; Ye, R.; Mann, J.A.; Zakhidov, D.; Li, Y.; Smalley, P.R.; Lin, J.; Tour, J.M. Flexible Boron-Doped Laser-Induced Graphene Microsupercapacitors. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 5868–5875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.; Lu, L.; Xie, Y.; Mei, X.; Tang, Y.; Wu, W.; Liang, R. Tailoring the surface morphology and nanoparticle distribution of laser-induced graphene/Co3O4 for high-performance flexible microsupercapacitors. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 504, 144487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shieh, J.-Y.; Zhang, S.-H.; Wu, C.-H.; Yu, H.H. A facile method to prepare a high performance solid-state flexible paper-based supercapacitor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 313, 704–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, D.; Marsden, A.J.; Li, Z.; Zhao, R.; Xue, W.; Bissett, M.A. Fabrication of a Graphene-Based Paper-Like Electrode for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor Devices. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165, A3481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, R.; Tripathi, C.C. Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene for Flexible Supercapacitor Application. Mater. Today Proc. 2018, 5, 1125–1130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bobinger, M.R.; Romero, F.J.; Salinas-Castillo, A.; Becherer, M.; Lugli, P.; Morales, D.P.; Rodríguez, N.; Rivadeneyra, A. Flexible and robust laser-induced graphene heaters photothermally scribed on bare polyimide substrates. Carbon 2019, 144, 116–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romero, F.J.; Salinas-Castillo, A.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Albrecht, A.; Godoy, A.; Morales, D.P.; Rodriguez, N. In-Depth Study of Laser Diode Ablation of Kapton Polyimide for Flexible Conductive Substrates. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yao, B.; Yuan, L.; Xiao, X.; Zhang, J.; Qi, Y.; Zhou, J.; Zhou, J.; Hu, B.; Chen, W. Paper-based solid-state supercapacitors with pencil-drawing graphite/polyaniline networks hybrid electrodes. Nano Energy 2013, 2, 1071–1078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beidaghi, M.; Gogotsi, Y. Capacitive energy storage in micro-scale devices: Recent advances in design and fabrication of micro-supercapacitors. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 867–884. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, C.; Pan, N. High power density supercapacitor electrodes of carbon nanotube films by electrophoretic deposition. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 5314–5318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prabaharan, S.R.S.; Vimala, R.; Zainal, Z. Nanostructured mesoporous carbon as electrodes for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 2006, 161, 730–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyun, W.J.; Secor, E.B.; Hersam, M.C.; Frisbie, C.D.; Francis, L.F. High-Resolution Patterning of Graphene by Screen Printing with a Silicon Stencil for Highly Flexible Printed Electronics. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 109–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stanford, M.G.; Zhang, C.; Fowlkes, J.D.; Hoffman, A.; Ivanov, I.N.; Rack, P.D.; Tour, J.M. High-Resolution Laser-Induced Graphene. Flexible Electronics beyond the Visible Limit. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 10902–10907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Torraca, P.L.; Bobinger, M.; Romero, F.J.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Ricci, Y.; Cattani, L.; Morales, D.P.; Rodríguez, N.; Salinas-Castillo, A.; Larcher, L.; et al. Acoustic characterization of laser-induced graphene film thermoacoustic loudspeakers. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), Macao, 22–26 July 2019; pp. 5–8. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, J.; Peng, Z.; Liu, Y.; Ruiz-Zepeda, F.; Ye, R.; Samuel, E.L.G.; Yacaman, M.J.; Yakobson, B.I.; Tour, J.M. Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Romero, F.J.; Rivadeneyra, A.; Toral, V.; Castillo, E.; García-Ruiz, F.; Morales, D.P.; Rodriguez, N. Design guidelines of laser reduced graphene oxide conformal thermistor for IoT applications. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2018, 274, 148–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romero, F.J.; Toral-Lopez, A.; Ohata, A.; Morales, D.P.; Ruiz, F.G.; Godoy, A.; Rodriguez, N. Laser-Fabricated Reduced Graphene Oxide Memristors. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 897. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ghoniem, E.; Mori, S.; Abdel-Moniem, A. Low-cost flexible supercapacitors based on laser reduced graphene oxide supported on polyethylene terephthalate substrate. J. Power Sources 2016, 324, 272–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, J.-B.; Lin, M.-L.; Cong, X.; Liu, H.-N.; Tan, P.-H. Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 1822–1873. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Nguyen, V.T.; Le, H.D.; Nguyen, V.C.; Ngo, T.T.T.; Le, D.Q.; Nguyen, X.N.; Phan, N.M. Synthesis of multi-layer graphene films on copper tape by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 035012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, Z.; Wang, S.; Haylock, B.; Kaur, J.; Tanner, P.; Thiel, D.; Sang, R.; Cole, I.S.; Li, X.; Lobino, M.; et al. Tuning the sub-processes in laser reduction of graphene oxide by adjusting the power and scanning speed of laser. Carbon 2019, 141, 83–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karamat, S.; Sonuşen, S.; Çelik, Ü.; Uysallı, Y.; Özgönül, E.; Oral, A. Synthesis of few layer single crystal graphene grains on platinum by chemical vapour deposition. Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. 2015, 25, 291–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, J.-S.M.; Briggs, M.E.; Hu, C.-C.; Cooper, A.I. Controlling electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance in heteroatom-doped carbons derived from hypercrosslinked microporous polymers. Nano Energy 2018, 46, 277–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yoo, J.; Kim, Y.; Lee, C.-W.; Yoon, H.; Yoo, S.; Jeong, H. Volumetric Capacitance of In-Plane- and Out-of-Plane-Structured Multilayer Graphene Supercapacitors. J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol. 2017, 8, 250–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, D.; Bock, C. Laser reduced graphene for supercapacitor applications. J. Power Sources 2017, 337, 73–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lei, Z.; Christov, N.; Zhao, X.S. Intercalation of mesoporous carbon spheres between reduced graphene oxide sheets for preparing high-rate supercapacitor electrodes. Energy Env. Sci. 2011, 4, 1866–1873. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oz, A.; Gelman, D.; Goren, E.; Shomrat, N.; Baltianski, S.; Tsur, Y. A novel approach for supercapacitors degradation characterization. J. Power Sources 2017, 355, 74–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Senthilkumar, S.T.; Kalai Selvan, R.; Lee, Y.S.; Melo, J.S. Electric double layer capacitor and its improved specific capacitance using redox additive electrolyte. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 1086–1095. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patil, U.M.; Nam, M.S.; Sohn, J.S.; Kulkarni, S.B.; Shin, R.; Kang, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, J.H.; Jun, S.C. Controlled electrochemical growth of Co(OH)2 flakes on 3D multilayered graphene foam for high performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 19075–19083. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, S.; Li, L.; Li, C.; Tan, H.; Cai, R.; Yu, H.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Srinivasan, M.; Ramakrishna, S.; Yan, Q. In situ growth of NiCo 2 S 4 nanosheets on graphene for high-performance supercapacitors. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 10178–10180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kepić, D.; Sandoval, S.; Pino, Á.P.; Del György, E.; Cabana, L.; Ballesteros, B.; Tobias, G. Nanosecond Laser-Assisted Nitrogen Doping of Graphene Oxide Dispersions. ChemPhysChem 2017, 18, 935–941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, H.D.; Zhang, Z.H.; Barnes, F.; Jackson, C.M.; Kain, A.; Cuchiaro, J.D. Voltage tunable capacitors using high temperature superconductors and ferroelectrics. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 1994, 4, 156–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Molina-Lopez, F.; Briand, D.; De Rooij, N.F. Decreasing the size of printed comb electrodes by the introduction of a dielectric interlayer for capacitive gas sensors on polymeric foil: Modeling and fabrication. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2013, 189, 89–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Igreja, R.; Dias, C.J. Analytical evaluation of the interdigital electrodes capacitance for a multi-layered structure. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 2004, 112, 291–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pech, D.; Brunet, M.; Taberna, P.-L.; Simon, P.; Fabre, N.; Mesnilgrente, F.; Conédéra, V.; Durou, H. Elaboration of a microstructured inkjet-printed carbon electrochemical capacitor. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 1266–1269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lin, J.; Zhang, C.; Yan, Z.; Zhu, Y.; Peng, Z.; Hauge, R.H.; Natelson, D.; Tour, J.M. 3-Dimensional Graphene Carbon Nanotube Carpet-Based Microsupercapacitors with High Electrochemical Performance. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 72–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gao, W.; Singh, N.; Song, L.; Liu, Z.; Reddy, A.L.M.; Ci, L.; Vajtai, R.; Zhang, Q.; Wei, B.; Ajayan, P.M. Direct laser writing of micro-supercapacitors on hydrated graphite oxide films. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 496–500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- El-Kady, M.F.; Kaner, R.B. Scalable fabrication of high-power graphene micro-supercapacitors for flexible and on-chip energy storage. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Laser | Material | Laser Power (W) | Laser Speed (cm/s) | Sheet Resistance (Ω/sq.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 | rGO | 1.5 | 15 | 196.8 |
LIG | 6 | 15 | 43.3 | |
UV | rGO | 0.39 | 1 | 305.7 |
LIG | 1.5 | 1 | 240.1 |
Material | Carbon Content (%) | Oxygen Content (%) | C/O Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Kapton® | 78 | 18 | 4.33 |
LIG-CO2 | 95.72 | 4.85 | 19.74 |
LIG-UV | 87.72 | 9.28 | 9.45 |
GO | 68.73 | 29.85 | 2.30 |
rGO-CO2 | 87.42 | 9.83 | 8.89 |
rGO-UV | 84.45 | 10.70 | 7.89 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Romero, F.J.; Gerardo, D.; Romero, R.; Ortiz-Gomez, I.; Salinas-Castillo, A.; Moraila-Martinez, C.L.; Rodriguez, N.; Morales, D.P. Comparison of Laser-Synthetized Nanographene-Based Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors. Micromachines 2020, 11, 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060555
Romero FJ, Gerardo D, Romero R, Ortiz-Gomez I, Salinas-Castillo A, Moraila-Martinez CL, Rodriguez N, Morales DP. Comparison of Laser-Synthetized Nanographene-Based Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors. Micromachines. 2020; 11(6):555. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060555
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomero, Francisco J., Denice Gerardo, Raul Romero, Inmaculada Ortiz-Gomez, Alfonso Salinas-Castillo, Carmen L. Moraila-Martinez, Noel Rodriguez, and Diego P. Morales. 2020. "Comparison of Laser-Synthetized Nanographene-Based Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors" Micromachines 11, no. 6: 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060555