Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. GML and Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)
3. GML and Vacuolating Cytotoxin A (VacA)
4. Other Virulence Factors
5. GML and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Antigens
6. GML Strains and Genomic Data
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virulence Factors | Association with Gastric MALT lymphoma | References |
---|---|---|
CagA | Controversial implication. cagPAI present in only 50% of GML isolated strains. Association with high grade lymphoma questionable. | [17,21,28,40] |
VacA | vacAm2 allele predominant in GML strains (genotype associated with the lowest biological activity) | [39,40] |
BabA | No association with GML. | [40] |
SabA | ||
Other adhesins | ||
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens | cagPAI negative GML strains expressed Ley antigens, previously associated with autoimmune manifestations. Strategy to escape to host response? | [55,59] |
Genetic markers | ||
Gene group comprised of iceA1 allele, sabA and hopZ | Association with the risk of GML development (low sensitivity marker) | [40] |
ORF JHP950 | ORF encoding a protein with no specific function, association with iceA1 and sabA virulence genes. The first and only genetic marker of GML strains. | [64] |
DNA array | GML strains share common genetic background. | [65] |
Genome sequencing | Further studies are needed to understand biological significance of genetic variabilities | [65,66,68] |
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Floch, P.; Mégraud, F.; Lehours, P. Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma. Toxins 2017, 9, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9040132
Floch P, Mégraud F, Lehours P. Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma. Toxins. 2017; 9(4):132. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9040132
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloch, Pauline, Francis Mégraud, and Philippe Lehours. 2017. "Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma" Toxins 9, no. 4: 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9040132
APA StyleFloch, P., Mégraud, F., & Lehours, P. (2017). Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma. Toxins, 9(4), 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9040132