Probiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Outcomes on Uremic Toxins, Inflammation, and Vascular Calcification from Experimental and Clinical Models

Teresa Obrero; María Victoria Pendón-Ruiz de Mier; Jose E. Gordillo-Arnaud; María José Jiménez Moral; Victoria Vidal; Fátima Guerrero; Andrés Carmona; María Encarnación Rodríguez-Ortiz; Ana Isabel Torralbo; Raquel Ojeda; Cayetana Moyano; Mercedes Sanchez-Ramade; Juan Mesa; Daniel J. López-Ruiz; Karen Valdés-Díaz; Raquel María García-Sáez; Daniel Jurado-Montoya; Cristian Rodelo-Haad; María Álvarez-Benito; Griet Glorieux; Mariano Rodríguez; Sagrario Soriano-Cabrera; Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda

doi:10.3390/toxins18010006

,

and

¹

Research Group: “Calcium Metabolism. Vascular Calcification”, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba (Spain), 14004 Cordoba, Spain

²

Nephrology Service, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba (Spain), 14004 Cordoba, Spain

³

Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain

⁴

Research Group: “Nephrology. Cellular Damage in Chronic Inflammation”, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba (Spain), 14004 Cordoba, Spain

Toxins2026, 18(1), 6;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010006
(registering DOI)

This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Uremic Toxins in Comorbidities of Chronic Kidney Disease

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^‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work [...]

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