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Volume 17
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Article

Heterologous Expression, Enzymatic Characterization, and Ameliorative Effects of a Deoxynivalenol (DON)-Degrading Enzyme in a DON-Induced Mouse Model

by
Haorui Zhou
1,
Bingtao Xu
1,
Yuqing Peng
1,
Jiahao Mao
1,
Xuelei Zhang
1,
Yongpeng Guo
2,* and
Yong Zhang
1,*
1
School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2025, 17(12), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120588
Submission received: 2 October 2025 / Revised: 1 November 2025 / Accepted: 2 December 2025 / Published: 9 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Strategies to Minimising Mycotoxin Contamination in Foods and Feeds)
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Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, severely contaminates grains and feed, posing a continuous threat to human and livestock health. In this study, the DON-degrading enzyme (DDE) gene from Devosia sp. JA3 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzyme kinetics revealed that DDE exhibited optimal activity at 37 °C and pH 7.0, with a Km of 0.32 mM and a Vmax of 563.3 nmol/(min·mg). Under optimized conditions, DDE efficiently oxidized DON to 3-keto-DON, achieving a degradation rate of 82.51% within 12 h. Further investigation in C57BL/6J mice showed that oral administration of 2 mg/kg DON significantly reduced antioxidant capacity, caused liver damage, impaired intestinal barrier function, induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis, and disrupted the gut microbiota. DDE treatment effectively alleviated these DON-induced effects by restoring antioxidant capacity, ameliorating liver injury, downregulating pro-inflammatory and apoptotic genes, upregulating barrier-related genes, and restoring the gut microbiota balance, thereby protecting intestinal health. These findings demonstrate DDE’s excellent DON-degrading capacity and biosafety, providing new technical evidence for DON detoxification applications.
Keywords: deoxynivalenol (DON); DON-degrading enzyme; heterologous expression; enzyme kinetics; gut microbiota deoxynivalenol (DON); DON-degrading enzyme; heterologous expression; enzyme kinetics; gut microbiota

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, H.; Xu, B.; Peng, Y.; Mao, J.; Zhang, X.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, Y. Heterologous Expression, Enzymatic Characterization, and Ameliorative Effects of a Deoxynivalenol (DON)-Degrading Enzyme in a DON-Induced Mouse Model. Toxins 2025, 17, 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120588

AMA Style

Zhou H, Xu B, Peng Y, Mao J, Zhang X, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Heterologous Expression, Enzymatic Characterization, and Ameliorative Effects of a Deoxynivalenol (DON)-Degrading Enzyme in a DON-Induced Mouse Model. Toxins. 2025; 17(12):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120588

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Haorui, Bingtao Xu, Yuqing Peng, Jiahao Mao, Xuelei Zhang, Yongpeng Guo, and Yong Zhang. 2025. "Heterologous Expression, Enzymatic Characterization, and Ameliorative Effects of a Deoxynivalenol (DON)-Degrading Enzyme in a DON-Induced Mouse Model" Toxins 17, no. 12: 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120588

APA Style

Zhou, H., Xu, B., Peng, Y., Mao, J., Zhang, X., Guo, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Heterologous Expression, Enzymatic Characterization, and Ameliorative Effects of a Deoxynivalenol (DON)-Degrading Enzyme in a DON-Induced Mouse Model. Toxins, 17(12), 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120588

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