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Volume 17
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10.3390/toxins17100516
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Article

Self-Sufficient Aflatoxin Decontamination System: MOF-Based Composite Membrane with Peroxidase-Mimic and Controlled H2O2 Generation

by
Xiaofei Cheng
1,2,†,
Wenzhong Zhu
1,†,
Xueting Zhu
1,†,
Jinmin Zhang
1,
Jia Yang
3,
Huali Wang
4,
Xiaoqin Mo
3,
Chi Zhang
5,* and
Lina Wu
1,*
1
School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2
Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Limited by Share Limited, Hohhot 010020, China
3
Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou 225002, China
4
China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 10000, China
5
Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment, State Administration for Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2025, 17(10), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17100516
Submission received: 21 August 2025 / Revised: 23 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 20 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection, Biosynthesis and Control of Mycotoxins (4th Edition))
Versions Notes

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are stable and carcinogenic mycotoxins that are commonly found in dairy products, posing serious food safety concerns. However, conventional degradation methods face limited degradation efficiency and high energy demand. Here, we develop an innovative polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membrane incorporating Fe/Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF) (Named Fe/Co-MIL-88B(NH2)) and CaO2 for targeted aflatoxin removal from milk. This system integrates two synergistic mechanisms: (1) hierarchical porous MOF structures enabling superior aflatoxin adsorption capacity and peroxidase-like catalytic activity, and (2) CaO2 acts as a controllable-release H2O2 donor, supplying a steady flux of reactive oxygen species without the addition of exogenous H2O2. Moreover, the PVDF membrane with mechanical stability offers uniform immobilization of active components, which prevents the aggregation of nanozymes. As a result, the integrated membrane achieves high degradation efficiency for AFB1 and AFM1, exceeding 95% within 60 min. By eliminating external oxidant addition and minimizing collateral nutrient damage, the technology demonstrates remarkable operational stability (>10 cycles) and milk quality preservation capability. This breakthrough establishes an efficient and reusable detoxification method, providing new opportunities for mycotoxin mitigation in dairy products through spatiotemporal control of reactive oxygen species.
Keywords: aflatoxin; degradation; metal-organic frameworks; nanozyme; composite membrane aflatoxin; degradation; metal-organic frameworks; nanozyme; composite membrane

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cheng, X.; Zhu, W.; Zhu, X.; Zhang, J.; Yang, J.; Wang, H.; Mo, X.; Zhang, C.; Wu, L. Self-Sufficient Aflatoxin Decontamination System: MOF-Based Composite Membrane with Peroxidase-Mimic and Controlled H2O2 Generation. Toxins 2025, 17, 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17100516

AMA Style

Cheng X, Zhu W, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang H, Mo X, Zhang C, Wu L. Self-Sufficient Aflatoxin Decontamination System: MOF-Based Composite Membrane with Peroxidase-Mimic and Controlled H2O2 Generation. Toxins. 2025; 17(10):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17100516

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng, Xiaofei, Wenzhong Zhu, Xueting Zhu, Jinmin Zhang, Jia Yang, Huali Wang, Xiaoqin Mo, Chi Zhang, and Lina Wu. 2025. "Self-Sufficient Aflatoxin Decontamination System: MOF-Based Composite Membrane with Peroxidase-Mimic and Controlled H2O2 Generation" Toxins 17, no. 10: 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17100516

APA Style

Cheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhu, X., Zhang, J., Yang, J., Wang, H., Mo, X., Zhang, C., & Wu, L. (2025). Self-Sufficient Aflatoxin Decontamination System: MOF-Based Composite Membrane with Peroxidase-Mimic and Controlled H2O2 Generation. Toxins, 17(10), 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17100516

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