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Article

Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet

by
Jesús A. Maguey-González
1,*,
Jing Liu
2,*,
Guolong Zhang
2,
Juan D. Latorre
1,
Juan O. Hernández-Ramírez
3,
María de Jesús Nava-Ramírez
3,
Roberto Senas-Cuesta
1,
Sergio Gómez-Rosales
4,
María de Lourdes Ángeles
4,
Andressa Stein
1,
Bruno Solís-Cruz
5,6,
Daniel Hernández-Patlán
5,6,
Rubén Merino-Guzmán
7,
Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
7,
Inkar Castellanos-Huerta
1,
Santiago Uribe-Diaz
1,
Alma Vázquez-Durán
3,
Abraham Méndez-Albores
3,
Victor M. Petrone-Garcia
8,
Guillermo Tellez Jr.
9,
Billy M. Hargis
1 and
Guillermo Téllez-Isaías
1add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
2
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
3
Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán, UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico
4
Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal (CENID-INIFAP), Km1 Carretera a Colon Ajuchitlán, Querétaro 76280, Mexico
5
Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán, UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico
6
División de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Tultitlan 54910, Mexico
7
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
8
Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán, UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico
9
Department of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2024, 16(3), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030122
Submission received: 26 January 2024 / Revised: 23 February 2024 / Accepted: 27 February 2024 / Published: 29 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detoxification, Control, and Toxicological Studies on Mycotoxins through Biotechnological Approaches)
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Abstract

A recent study published data on the growth performance, relative weights of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver histology, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters for turkey poults fed an experimental diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost. The negative effects of AFB1 (250 ng AFB1/g of feed) were significantly reduced by HA supplementation (0.25% w/w), suggesting that HA might be utilized to ameliorate the negative impact of AFB1 from contaminated diets. The present study shows the results of the remaining variables, as an extension of a previously published work which aimed to evaluate the impact of HA on the intestinal microbiota, gut integrity, ileum morphometry, and cellular immunity of turkey poults fed an AFB1-contaminated diet. For this objective, five equal groups of 1-day-old female Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly assigned to the following treatments: negative control (basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 250 ng AFB1/g), HA (basal diet + 0.25% HA), HA + AFB1 (basal diet + 0.25% HA + 250 ng AFB1/g), and Zeolite (basal diet + 0.25% zeolite + 250 ng AFB1/g). In the experiment, seven replicates of ten poults each were used per treatment (n = 70). In general, HA supplementation with or without the presence of AFB1 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of beneficial butyric acid producers, ileum villi height, and ileum total area, and a significant reduction in serum levels of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-d), a marker of intestinal integrity. In contrast, poults fed with AFB1 showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and lower numbers of beneficial bacteria, clearly suggesting gut dysbacteriosis. Moreover, poults supplemented with AFB1 displayed the lowest morphometric parameters and the highest intestinal permeability. Furthermore, poults in the negative and positive control treatments had the lowest cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response. These findings suggest that HA supplementation enhanced intestinal integrity (shape and permeability), cellular immune response, and healthier gut microbiota composition, even in the presence of dietary exposure to AFB1. These results complement those of the previously published study, suggesting that HA may be a viable dietary intervention to improve gut health and immunity in turkey poults during aflatoxicosis.
Keywords: turkey poults; aflatoxin B1; humic acids; intestinal microbiota; gut integrity; morphometric studies turkey poults; aflatoxin B1; humic acids; intestinal microbiota; gut integrity; morphometric studies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Maguey-González, J.A.; Liu, J.; Zhang, G.; Latorre, J.D.; Hernández-Ramírez, J.O.; de Jesús Nava-Ramírez, M.; Senas-Cuesta, R.; Gómez-Rosales, S.; de Lourdes Ángeles, M.; Stein, A.; et al. Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet. Toxins 2024, 16, 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030122

AMA Style

Maguey-González JA, Liu J, Zhang G, Latorre JD, Hernández-Ramírez JO, de Jesús Nava-Ramírez M, Senas-Cuesta R, Gómez-Rosales S, de Lourdes Ángeles M, Stein A, et al. Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet. Toxins. 2024; 16(3):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030122

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maguey-González, Jesús A., Jing Liu, Guolong Zhang, Juan D. Latorre, Juan O. Hernández-Ramírez, María de Jesús Nava-Ramírez, Roberto Senas-Cuesta, Sergio Gómez-Rosales, María de Lourdes Ángeles, Andressa Stein, and et al. 2024. "Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet" Toxins 16, no. 3: 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030122

APA Style

Maguey-González, J. A., Liu, J., Zhang, G., Latorre, J. D., Hernández-Ramírez, J. O., de Jesús Nava-Ramírez, M., Senas-Cuesta, R., Gómez-Rosales, S., de Lourdes Ángeles, M., Stein, A., Solís-Cruz, B., Hernández-Patlán, D., Merino-Guzmán, R., Hernandez-Velasco, X., Castellanos-Huerta, I., Uribe-Diaz, S., Vázquez-Durán, A., Méndez-Albores, A., Petrone-Garcia, V. M., ... Téllez-Isaías, G. (2024). Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet. Toxins, 16(3), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030122

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