Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin–Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Metabolomics Analysis
2.2. Molecular Network Analysis
2.3. Identification of Enniatin B Analogs and Study of Their Distribution in EA and NEA
2.4. Fusarium DNA Detection in Tibetan Barley
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Cereal Sampling
5.2. Metabolomics Analyses
5.2.1. Materials
5.2.2. Sample Preparation
5.2.3. LC-HRMS(/MS) Analysis
5.2.4. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
5.2.5. Data Preprocessing with MZmine 2 and Molecular Network Analysis on MetGem
5.2.6. LC–MS/MS Data Annotation with SIRIUS
5.3. Fusarium DNA Detection
5.3.1. DNA Extraction
5.3.2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cereal | Non-Endemic Area | Endemic Areas | |
---|---|---|---|
Barley | 2013—10 samples—TAR-1 | 2013—37 samples—TAR-2 | 2009—25 samples—TAR-3 |
2016—50 samples—TAR-1 | 2016—90 samples—TAR-2 | 2011—40 samples—TAR-3 | |
2012—40 samples—TAR-3 | |||
Wheat | 2006—6 samples—IM | 2006—13 samples—IM |
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Sun, D.; Chasseur, C.; Mathieu, F.; Lechanteur, J.; Van Antwerpen, P.; Rasschaert, J.; Fontaine, V.; Delporte, C. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin–Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China. Toxins 2023, 15, 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090533
Sun D, Chasseur C, Mathieu F, Lechanteur J, Van Antwerpen P, Rasschaert J, Fontaine V, Delporte C. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin–Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China. Toxins. 2023; 15(9):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090533
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Danlei, Camille Chasseur, Françoise Mathieu, Jessica Lechanteur, Pierre Van Antwerpen, Joanne Rasschaert, Véronique Fontaine, and Cédric Delporte. 2023. "Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin–Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China" Toxins 15, no. 9: 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090533