Effects of the Toxic Non-Protein Amino Acid β-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) on Intracellular Amino Acid Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Cell Culture and Treatment
5.2. Amino Acid Extraction
5.3. Protein Assay
5.4. HILIC-TQMS
5.5. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time (h) | Ala | Arg | Asn | Asp | Cys | Glu | Gln | Gly | His | Ile | leu | Lys | Phe | Pro | Ser | Thr | Trp | Tyr | Val |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 130 ± 6.6 | 110 ± 3.5 | 140 ± 11 | 110 ± 3.9 | ND | 110 ± 3.6 | 100 ± 3.0 | 130 ± 8.3 | 120 ± 10 | 100 ± 4.4 | 100 ± 2.1 | 120 ± 3.3 | 110 ± 3.2 | 110 ± 3.2 | 100 ± 10 | 120 ± 4.2 | 100 ± 3.0 | 140 ± 10 | 110 ± 4.3 |
3 | 230 ± 12 *** | 140 ± 3.9 ** | 120 ± 13 | 140 ± 3.7 *** | ND | 150 ± 4.0 *** | 84 ± 2.2 * | 1200 ± 260 ** | 89 ± 5.7 | 91 ± 2.9 | 92 ± 2.2 | 140 ± 3.0 ** | 100 ± 2.6 | 97 ± 1.9 | 120 ± 9.3 | 160 ± 7.7 * | 94 ± 6.1 | 59 ± 3.5 * | 180 ± 8.5 * |
6 | 95 ± 5.4 | 130 ± 8.1 | 84 ± 8.0 | 93 ± 4.3 | 110 ± 5.2 | 91 ± 4.2 | 93 ± 4.7 | 89 ± 6.9 | 110 ± 4.8 | 110 ± 4.8 | 99 ± 4.2 | 130 ± 5.8 | 91 ± 3.9 | 95 ± 4.0 | 100 ± 9.2 | 83 ± 5.9 | 95 ± 3.3 | 110 ± 9.1 | 110 ± 6.0 |
9 | 62 ± 4.5 * | 74 ± 4.0 * | 23 ± 3.8 * | 70 ± 4.2 * | 88 ± 3.6 | 73 ± 4.2 * | 65 ± 4.3 * | 63 ± 4.3 | 74 ± 2.5 * | 48 ± 3.9 ** | 81 ± 3.2 | 83 ± 2.8 * | 66 ± 5.8 * | 74 ± 3.9 * | 27 ± 3.7 ** | 53 ± 2.4 * | 90 ± 2.2 | 59 ± 3.9 ** | 62 ± 1.7 ** |
12 | 97 ± 4.9 | 110 ± 7.2 | 95 ± 6.0 | 100 ± 4.6 | 100 ± 6.2 | 110 ± 5.7 | 110 ± 6.7 | 110 ± 6.9 | 85 ± 5.5 | 88 ± 5.0 | 86 ± 3.7 | 100 ± 6.2 | 88 ± 4.4 | 110 ± 6.4 | 66 ± 3.8 * | 100 ± 5.3 | 100 ± 8.3 | 100 ± 5.7 | 93 ± 4.6 |
24 | 95 ± 6.1 | 80 ± 5.8 | 75 ± 6.0 | 100 ± 7.1 | 100 ± 7.8 | 100 ± 7.7 | 88 ± 6.1 | 100 ± 6.3 | 74 ± 4.3 * | 91 ± 7.2 | 86 ± 6.9 | 88 ± 5.7 | 91 ± 7.1 | 92 ± 7.0 | 62 ± 5.2 * | 90 ± 5.9 | 100 ± 5.3 | 77 ± 5.8 | 81 ± 6.1 |
48 | 73 ± 5.2 * | 76 ± 4.4 | 59 ± 3.1 * | 70 ± 4.1 * | 110 ± 8.3 | 87 ± 7.4 | 86 ± 8.7 | 110 ± 17 | 74 ± 3.6 * | 66 ± 4.0 * | 82 ± 3.7 | 85 ± 4.3 | 71 ± 5.2 * | 80.0 ± 3.9 | 60 ± 4.5 * | 81 ± 4.3 | 100 ± 8.0 | 69 ± 3.1 * | 74 ± 3.5 * |
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Violi, J.P.; Pu, L.; Pravadali-Cekic, S.; Bishop, D.P.; Phillips, C.R.; Rodgers, K.J. Effects of the Toxic Non-Protein Amino Acid β-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) on Intracellular Amino Acid Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells. Toxins 2023, 15, 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110647
Violi JP, Pu L, Pravadali-Cekic S, Bishop DP, Phillips CR, Rodgers KJ. Effects of the Toxic Non-Protein Amino Acid β-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) on Intracellular Amino Acid Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells. Toxins. 2023; 15(11):647. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110647
Chicago/Turabian StyleVioli, Jake P., Lisa Pu, Sercan Pravadali-Cekic, David P. Bishop, Connor R. Phillips, and Kenneth J. Rodgers. 2023. "Effects of the Toxic Non-Protein Amino Acid β-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) on Intracellular Amino Acid Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells" Toxins 15, no. 11: 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15110647