Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Structure of Membrane Vesicles (MVs) and Mechanisms of Secretion
3. Effects of Membrane Vesicles on Human Cells
3.1. Effects of Membrane Vesicles on Cells of the Intestinal Epithelium
3.2. Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier
3.3. Effects on Cells of the Immune System
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Species (Gram-Negative) | Active Factors | Reference |
Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 |
| [81] |
Acinetobacter baumannii |
| [82] |
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae |
| [83] |
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans |
| [84] |
Bartonella henselae |
| [85] |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
| [86,87] |
Burkholderia cepacia |
| [88] |
Campylobacter jejuni |
| [42] |
Coxiella burnetti |
| [89] |
Escherichia coli K1 |
| [90] |
Escherichia coli O157: H7 Shigella dysenteriae |
| [91] |
enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC) |
| [92] |
enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
| [93] |
extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) |
| [94] |
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) |
| [95] |
Legionella pneumophila |
| [96] |
Moraxella catarrhalis |
| [97] |
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B |
| [76] |
Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| [98] |
Salmonella enterica |
| [99] |
Shigella flexneri |
| [100] |
Treponema denticola |
| [101] |
Vibrio cholerae |
| [27] |
Yersinia pestis |
| [102] |
Bacterial Species (Gram-Positive) | Active Factors | Citations |
Bacillus anthracis |
| [12] |
Clostridium perfringens |
| [103] |
Enteroccoccus faecium |
| [104] |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| [105] |
Propionibacterium acnes |
| [106] |
Streptococcus mutans |
| [107] |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| [108] |
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Macion, A.; Wyszyńska, A.; Godlewska, R. Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles. Toxins 2021, 13, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120845
Macion A, Wyszyńska A, Godlewska R. Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles. Toxins. 2021; 13(12):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120845
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacion, Adrian, Agnieszka Wyszyńska, and Renata Godlewska. 2021. "Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles" Toxins 13, no. 12: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120845
APA StyleMacion, A., Wyszyńska, A., & Godlewska, R. (2021). Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles. Toxins, 13(12), 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120845