A Short Peptide Derived from the ZorO Toxin Functions as an Effective Antimicrobial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ZorO Affects the Plasma Membrane Potential and Integrity
2.2. ZorO Affects Cell Viability Though Production of Hydroxyl Radicals
2.3. Amino Acid Residues of ALLRL Are Required for the Toxicity of ZorO
2.4. The ALLRL Peptide Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Positive Bacteria and Candida
2.5. The ALLRL Peptide Induces the Plasma Membrane Damage
2.6. The ALLRL Peptide Has no Cytotoxicity Against Mammalian Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial and Fungus Strains and Mammalian Cultured Cells
4.2. Construction of Plasmids
4.3. Peptides
4.4. Growth of Bacteria and Fungus
4.5. Microbial Cell Viability Assay
4.6. Subcellular Fractionation and Western Blotting Analysis
4.7. CFU Assay
4.8. Microscopy
4.9. Cytotoxicity Assay (MTT Assay)
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Sequence (5′–3′) | |
---|---|---|
Construction of plasmids | ||
YO-57 | GCCTGCAGCTACTTCAACAAATCAATCAACCG | |
YO-69 | AGGAATTCACCATGGATTACAAGGATGACGACGATAAGATGGACTCGCTGACACAAAAG | |
YO-76 | GCAAGCTTCTACTTCAACAAATCAATCAACC | |
YO-79 | GCCTGCAGCTACAACCGTAACAGAGC | |
YO-81 | AGGAATTCGTTGGGACGTTGCGCCGGATCGA | |
YO-82 | AGATTAGCGGATCCTACCTG | |
YO-284 | CACTAATAACTCCAGTACGGCAATGAGCAC | |
YO-285 | ATTGATTTGTTGAAGTAGCTGCAGGCATGC | |
YO-370 | AGGAATTCACCATGGTGCTCATTGCCGTACTG | |
YO-371 | AGGAATTCACCATGGACACGCTGACAC | |
YO-372 | AGGAATTCACCATGCTGGAGTTATTAG | |
YO-373 | GCCTGCAGCTACACTAATAACTCCAG | |
Sequencing for bacterial 16S rRNA gene or C. albicans 18S rRNA gene | ||
9F | GAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG | (for bacteria) |
785F | GGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTC | (for bacteria) |
1510R | GGCTACCTTGTTACGA | (for bacteria) |
YO-301 | TATCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAGTAGTC | (for C. albicans) |
YO-303 | TTGATGCGTACTGGACCCAGCCG | (for C. albicans) |
YO-304 | GCGATAACGAACGAGACCTTAACC | (for C. albicans) |
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Otsuka, Y.; Ishikawa, T.; Takahashi, C.; Masuda, M. A Short Peptide Derived from the ZorO Toxin Functions as an Effective Antimicrobial. Toxins 2019, 11, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070392
Otsuka Y, Ishikawa T, Takahashi C, Masuda M. A Short Peptide Derived from the ZorO Toxin Functions as an Effective Antimicrobial. Toxins. 2019; 11(7):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070392
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtsuka, Yuichi, Tomohiro Ishikawa, Chisato Takahashi, and Michiaki Masuda. 2019. "A Short Peptide Derived from the ZorO Toxin Functions as an Effective Antimicrobial" Toxins 11, no. 7: 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070392
APA StyleOtsuka, Y., Ishikawa, T., Takahashi, C., & Masuda, M. (2019). A Short Peptide Derived from the ZorO Toxin Functions as an Effective Antimicrobial. Toxins, 11(7), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070392