Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays

Thamm, Irene; Tiefenbacher, Konrad; Rychlik, Michael

doi:10.3390/toxins10120511

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Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays

Irene Thamm

¹,

Konrad Tiefenbacher

^2,3 and

Michael Rychlik

^1,4,*

Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany

Department of Chemistry, University of Basel BPR 1096, Postfach 3350 Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland

⁴

Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, the University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Toxins 2018, 10(12), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120511

Received: 21 October 2018 / Revised: 17 November 2018 / Accepted: 21 November 2018 / Published: 3 December 2018

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Toxins)

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Abstract

The metabolism of the monoterpene α-thujone was investigated in humans after consumption of sage tea, by analyses of its metabolites 2-hydroxythujone, 4-hydroxythujone, and 7-hydroxythujone in urine. For the quantitation of α-thujone and its metabolites, stable isotope dilution assays were developed. Using d₆-α-thujone as internal standard, we quantified α-thujone by solid phase microextraction GC-MS and the hydroxythujones with d₆-2-hydroxythujone, d₆-4-hydroxythujone, and d₆-7-hydroxythujone after glucuronide/sulfate deconjugation by LC-MS/MS in urine. After the consumption of 575.0 µg α-thujone, the 4-hydroxythujone and 7-hydroxythujone were detectable in the urine of the volunteers under study, after liberation from their glucuronides/sulfates. The 2-Hydroxythujone was not present in any of the volunteer samples above its detection limit. α-Thujone was detectable in a low amount, with a maximum concentration of 94 ng/L for the volunteer with the highest dose of 14.3 µg/kg bw. View Full-Text

Keywords: thujone; 4-hydroxythujone; 7-hydroxythujone; hydroxythujone conjugates; human study

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Thamm, I.; Tiefenbacher, K.; Rychlik, M. Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays. Toxins 2018, 10, 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120511

AMA Style

Thamm I, Tiefenbacher K, Rychlik M. Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays. Toxins. 2018; 10(12):511. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120511

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thamm, Irene, Konrad Tiefenbacher, and Michael Rychlik. 2018. "Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays" Toxins 10, no. 12: 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120511

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Quantification of α-Thujone and Its Metabolites in Human Urine after Consumption of a Sage Infusion Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assays

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