Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Population
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2.3.2. Dietary Data
2.3.3. Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Population
3.2. Dietary Patterns
3.3. Characteristics of the Dietary Patterns in the Studied Population
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics of Participants | Non Cases Participants | Participants with IBS | p Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 41,927 (94.5%) | n = 2423 (5.5%) | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Gender | |||||
Men | 9183 | 21.9 | 460 | 19.0 | <0.001 |
Women | 32,744 | 78.1 | 1963 | 81.0 | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 49.4 | ±14.3 | 56.0 | ±12.0 | <0.0001 |
Educational level | |||||
No diploma or primary school | 1218 | 2.91 | 86 | 3.5 | <0.01 |
Secondary | 13,776 | 32.86 | 863 | 35.6 | |
High education level | 26,933 | 64.24 | 1474 | 60.8 | |
BMI | |||||
BMI < 25 | 29,022 | 70.04 | 1639 | 67.8 | 0.07 |
BMI 25–30 | 8949 | 21.60 | 556 | 23.0 | |
BMI ≥ 30 | 3465 | 8.36 | 221 | 9.1 | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 11,146 | 26.58 | 648 | 26.7 | 0.86 |
Cohabiting | 30,781 | 73.42 | 1775 | 73.3 | |
Smoking status | |||||
Non smoker | 21,743 | 51.86 | 1163 | 48.0 | <0.0001 |
Former smoker | 14,657 | 34.96 | 1000 | 41.3 | |
Current smoker | 5527 | 13.18 | 260 | 10.7 | |
Monthly income level | |||||
Less than 1200 euros per c.u. | 5804 | 15.50 | 276 | 12.7 | <0.0001 |
From 1200 to 2300 euros per c.u. | 16,371 | 43.71 | 905 | 42.7 | |
More than 2300 euros per c.u. | 15,277 | 40.79 | 992 | 45.7 | |
Physical activity level | |||||
High | 12,714 | 34.78 | 768 | 35.7 | 0.58 |
Moderate | 15,699 | 42.94 | 922 | 42.8 | |
Low | 8146 | 22.28 | 462 | 21.5 | |
Time between inclusion and IBS questionnaire (years) | 3.2 | ±0.99 | 3.2 | ±0.97 | 0.12 |
Time between dietary records and IBS questionnaire (years) | 1.0 | ±1.1 | 0.88 | ±1.02 | <0.0001 |
DP “Healthy” | DP “Western” | DP “Traditional” | |
---|---|---|---|
Meat, ham | −0.31 | 0.24 | |
Processed meat | 0.31 | 0.28 | |
Fish and seafood | 0.22 | −0.13 | |
Vegetable fat | 0.24 | −0.15 | 0.27 |
Animal fat | 0.37 | ||
Dairy products | −0.56 | ||
Dried fruits | 0.49 | ||
Potatoes and tubers | 0.41 | ||
Fruits and vegetable juices | 0.25 | ||
Starches | −0.16 | 0.18 | |
Whole grains | 0.60 | −0.12 | |
Breakfast cereals | 0.34 | −0.14 | |
Cakes, cookies, pastries and desserts | 0.53 | ||
Salty snacks | 0.46 | ||
Organ meat | 0.16 | ||
Poultry | |||
Milk | −0.27 | ||
Fruits | 0.42 | −0.37 | 0.17 |
Vegetables | 0.46 | −0.39 | 0.25 |
Sauces | 0.26 | 0.21 | |
Cheese | 0.26 | 0.45 | |
Bread | −0.34 | 0.62 | |
Sugared cereals | −0.24 | ||
Confectionery | 0.12 | 0.40 | |
Soft non sugared beverages | 0.41 | 0.14 | |
Sweetened beverages and sodas | −0.11 | 0.35 | −0.11 |
Alcoholic beverages | 0.30 | 0.36 | |
Legumes | 0.34 | ||
Eggs | −0.14 |
Characteristics of Participants | Healthy | p Value * | Western | p Value * | Traditional | p Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (lowest) | Q5 (highest) | Q1 (lowest) | Q5 (highest) | Q1 (lowest) | Q5 (highest) | ||||
Gender | |||||||||
Men | 21.7 | 21.7 | 21.7 | 21.7 | 21.7 | 21.7 | |||
Women | 78.3 | 78.3 | 78.3 | 78.3 | 78.3 | 78.3 | |||
Age (SD) | 45.9 (14.7) | 52.8 (13.1) | <0.0001 | 56.2 (12.4) | 41.5 (13.4) | <0.0001 | 45.4 (14.8) | 53.1 (13.1) | <0.0001 |
Educational level | |||||||||
No diploma or primary school | 3.7 | 2.5 | <0.0001 | 4.5 | 1.9 | <0.0001 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 0.02 |
Secondary | 39.6 | 28.9 | 38.6 | 27.1 | 32.6 | 33.8 | |||
High education level | 57.7 | 68.6 | 57.0 | 71.0 | 64.7 | 63.0 | |||
BMI | |||||||||
BMI < 25 | 65.7 | 76.2 | <0.0001 | 63.0 | 74.0 | <0.0001 | 74.8 | 66.1 | <0.0001 |
BMI 25–30 | 22.8 | 17.7 | 25.3 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 23.6 | |||
BMI ≥ 30 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 11.1 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 10.3 | |||
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 26.8 | 29.7 | <0.0001 | 27.3 | 30.0 | <0.0001 | 34.3 | 22.2 | <0.0001 |
Cohabiting | 73.2 | 70.3 | 72.7 | 70.0 | 65.6 | 77.8 | |||
Smoking status | |||||||||
Non smoker | 54.8 | 50.1 | <0.0001 | 50.8 | 52.3 | <0.0001 | 55.9 | 47.9 | <0.0001 |
Former smoker | 29.6 | 39.9 | 40.7 | 29.3 | 31.4 | 38.6 | |||
Current smoker | 15.6 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 18.4 | 12.7 | 13.5 | |||
Monthly income level | |||||||||
Less than 1200 euros per c.u. | 21.3 | 12.1 | <0.0001 | 13.1 | 18.9 | <0.0001 | 19.3 | 13.2 | <0.0001 |
From 1200 to 2300 euros per c.u. | 46.6 | 41.4 | 43.7 | 44.4 | 43.4 | 43.2 | |||
More than 2300 euros per c.u. | 32.1 | 46.4 | 43.2 | 36.7 | 37.3 | 43.3 | |||
Physical activity | |||||||||
High | 31.8 | 40.1 | <0.0001 | 41.9 | 30.1 | <0.0001 | 33.7 | 37.1 | <0.0001 |
Moderate | 41.3 | 43.3 | 39.3 | 43.5 | 43.8 | 41.3 | |||
Low | 26.9 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 26.4 | 22.5 | 21.6 |
Dietary Profile | Model | Number of Cases | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for Trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||
Healthy | Men | n * | 76 | 89 | 97 | 108 | 90 | |||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 1.18 | 0.86–1.62 | 1.29 | 0.95–1.76 | 1.44 | 1.07–1.95 | 1.17 | 0.86–1.61 | 0.14 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.13 | 0.82–1.55 | 1.19 | 0.87–1.63 | 1.34 | 0.98–1.83 | 1.13 | 0.81–1.57 | 0.24 | ||
Women | n * | 292 | 385 | 394 | 416 | 476 | ||||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 1.17 | 1.00–1.37 | 1.10 | 0.94–1.29 | 1.10 | 0.94–1.29 | 1.19 | 1.02–1.39 | 0.12 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.13 | 0.97–1.33 | 1.08 | 1.92–1.26 | 1.09 | 0.93–1.28 | 1.19 | 1.02–1.40 | 0.10 | ||
Western | Men | n * | 67 | 89 | 88 | 107 | 109 | |||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 1.33 | 0.96–1.84 | 1.30 | 0.94–1.81 | 1.58 | 1.14–2.17 | 1.56 | 1.14–2.17 | <0.01 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.31 | 0.95–1.81 | 1.27 | 0.92–1.77 | 1.52 | 1.10–2.11 | 1.52 | 1.08–2.16 | 0.01 | ||
Women | n * | 442 | 469 | 400 | 359 | 293 | ||||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 1.2 | 1.04–1.37 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.33 | 1.22 | 1.05–1.42 | 1.28 | 1.08–1.52 | <0.01 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.21 | 1.05–1.39 | 1.18 | 1.02–1.36 | 1.26 | 1.08–1.46 | 1.36 | 1.14–1.62 | <0.001 | ||
Traditional | Men | n * | 85 | 99 | 83 | 93 | 100 | |||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 1.18 | 0.87–1.59 | 0.98 | 0.71–1.34 | 1.08 | 0.79–1.61 | 1.13 | 0.79–1.61 | 0.72 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.19 | 0.88–1.61 | 1.01 | 0.73–1.40 | 1.14 | 0.82–1.59 | 1.25 | 0.86–1.82 | 0.37 | ||
Women | n * | 309 | 347 | 391 | 431 | 485 | ||||||
Model 1 | Ref. | 0.99 | 0.85–1.17 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.24 | 1.12 | 0.95–1.31 | 1.19 | 1.00–1.41 | 0.02 | ||
Model 2 | Ref. | 1.01 | 0.86–1.19 | 1.10 | 0.93–1.29 | 1.18 | 1.00–1.39 | 1.29 | 1.08–1.54 | <0.01 |
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Buscail, C.; Sabate, J.-M.; Bouchoucha, M.; Kesse-Guyot, E.; Hercberg, S.; Benamouzig, R.; Julia, C. Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet Cohort. Nutrients 2017, 9, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090986
Buscail C, Sabate J-M, Bouchoucha M, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Benamouzig R, Julia C. Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet Cohort. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090986
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuscail, Camille, Jean-Marc Sabate, Michel Bouchoucha, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Serge Hercberg, Robert Benamouzig, and Chantal Julia. 2017. "Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet Cohort" Nutrients 9, no. 9: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090986