Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Effects on Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment
by
Antonio Barbieri 1,*, Vincenzo Quagliariello 2,3, Vitale Del Vecchio 1
, Michela Falco 1, Antonio Luciano 1, Nagoth Joseph Amruthraj 4, Guglielmo Nasti 2,3, Alessandro Ottaiano 2, Massimiliano Berretta 3,5, Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli 2,3 and Claudio Arra 1
Antonio Barbieri 1,*, Vincenzo Quagliariello 2,3, Vitale Del Vecchio 1, Michela Falco 1, Antonio Luciano 1, Nagoth Joseph Amruthraj 4, Guglielmo Nasti 2,3, Alessandro Ottaiano 2, Massimiliano Berretta 3,5, Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli 2,3 and Claudio Arra 1
1
Animal Facility Unit, Department of Research, National Cancer Institute “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
3
ASMO (Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology) and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
4
Clinical, Experimental and Medical Sciences, Chair of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
5
Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2017, 9(3), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030210
Received: 20 December 2016 / Revised: 3 February 2017 / Accepted: 16 February 2017 / Published: 28 February 2017
Among the most important traditional medicinal fungi, Ganoderma lucidum has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer, in Oriental countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-metastatic activities of Ganoderma lucidum extracts in melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer cells. Ganoderma lucidum extracts were prepared by using common organic solvents; MDA-MB 231 and B16-F10 cell lines were adopted as cellular models for triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma and characterized for cell viability, wound-healing assay and measurement of cytokines secreted by cancer cells under pro-inflammatory conditions (incubation with lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and pretreatment with Ganoderma lucidum extract at different concentrations. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, how Ganoderma lucidum extracts can significantly inhibit the release of IL-8, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cancer cells under pro-inflammatory condition. Interestingly, Ganoderma lucidum extracts significantly also decrease the viability of both cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with abilities to reduce cell migration over time, which is correlated with a lower release of matrix metalloproteases. Taken together, these results indicate the possible use of Ganoderma lucidum extract for the therapeutic management of melanoma and human triple-negative breast cancer.
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Keywords:
Ganoderma lucidum; melanoma; breast cancer; inflammation; cytokines; curcumin; cell viability
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Barbieri, A.; Quagliariello, V.; Del Vecchio, V.; Falco, M.; Luciano, A.; Amruthraj, N.J.; Nasti, G.; Ottaiano, A.; Berretta, M.; Iaffaioli, R.V.; Arra, C. Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Effects on Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2017, 9, 210.
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