Hematological and Hemodynamic Responses to Acute and Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Supplementation
by
Ryan L. Dalton 1, Ryan J. Sowinski 1, Tyler J. Grubic 1, Patrick B. Collins 1, Adriana M. Coletta 1, Aimee G. Reyes 1, Brittany Sanchez 1, Majid Koozehchian 1, Yanghoon P. Jung 1
, Christopher Rasmussen 1, Mike Greenwood 1, Peter S. Murano 2, Conrad P. Earnest 1,3 and Richard B. Kreider 1,*
Ryan L. Dalton 1, Ryan J. Sowinski 1, Tyler J. Grubic 1, Patrick B. Collins 1, Adriana M. Coletta 1, Aimee G. Reyes 1, Brittany Sanchez 1, Majid Koozehchian 1, Yanghoon P. Jung 1, Christopher Rasmussen 1, Mike Greenwood 1, Peter S. Murano 2, Conrad P. Earnest 1,3 and Richard B. Kreider 1,*
1
Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-4253, USA
2
Institute for Obesity and Program Evaluation, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
3
Clinical Science Division, Nutrabolt, 3891 S. Traditions Drive, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2017, 9(12), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9121359
Received: 14 November 2017 / Revised: 28 November 2017 / Accepted: 4 December 2017 / Published: 15 December 2017
In a double-blind, crossover, randomized and placebo-controlled trial; 28 men and women ingested a placebo (PLA), 3 g of creatine nitrate (CNL), and 6 g of creatine nitrate (CNH) for 6 days. Participants repeated the experiment with the alternate supplements after a 7-day washout. Hemodynamic responses to a postural challenge, fasting blood samples, and bench press, leg press, and cycling time trial performance and recovery were assessed. Data were analyzed by univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear models (GLM). No significant differences were found among treatments for hemodynamic responses, clinical blood markers or self-reported side effects. After 5 days of supplementation, one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press improved significantly for CNH (mean change, 95% CI; 6.1 [3.5, 8.7] kg) but not PLA (0.7 [−1.6, 3.0] kg or CNL (2.0 [−0.9, 4.9] kg, CNH, p = 0.01). CNH participants also tended to experience an attenuated loss in 1RM strength during the recovery performance tests following supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.0], CNL: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.1], CNH: −3.9 [−6.6, −1.2] kg, p = 0.07). After 5 days, pre-supplementation 1RM leg press values increased significantly, only with CNH (24.7 [8.8, 40.6] kg, but not PLA (13.9 [−15.7, 43.5] or CNL (14.6 [−0.5, 29.7]). Further, post-supplementation 1RM leg press recovery did not decrease significantly for CNH (−13.3 [−31.9, 5.3], but did for PLA (−30.5 [−53.4, −7.7] and CNL (−29.0 [−49.5, −8.4]). CNL treatment promoted an increase in bench press repetitions at 70% of 1RM during recovery on day 5 (PLA: 0.4 [−0.8, 1.6], CNL: 0.9 [0.35, 1.5], CNH: 0.5 [−0.2, 0.3], p = 0.56), greater leg press endurance prior to supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −0.2 [−1.6, 1.2], CNL: 0.9 [0.2, 1.6], CNH: 0.2 [−0.5, 0.9], p = 0.25) and greater leg press endurance during recovery on day 5 (PLA: −0.03 [−1.2, 1.1], CNL: 1.1 [0.3, 1.9], CNH: 0.4 [−0.4, 1.2], p = 0.23). Cycling time trial performance (4 km) was not affected. Results indicate that creatine nitrate supplementation, up to a 6 g dose, for 6 days, appears to be safe and provide some ergogenic benefit.
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Keywords:
creatine; nitrate; safety; dietary supplement; ergogenic aid
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MDPI and ACS Style
Dalton, R.L.; Sowinski, R.J.; Grubic, T.J.; Collins, P.B.; Coletta, A.M.; Reyes, A.G.; Sanchez, B.; Koozehchian, M.; Jung, Y.P.; Rasmussen, C.; Greenwood, M.; Murano, P.S.; Earnest, C.P.; Kreider, R.B. Hematological and Hemodynamic Responses to Acute and Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Supplementation. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1359.
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