Beverage Consumption Patterns among Norwegian Adults
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2016, 8(9), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090561
Received: 29 June 2016 / Revised: 29 August 2016 / Accepted: 6 September 2016 / Published: 13 September 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beverage Consumption Habits around the World: Association with Total Water and Energy Intakes)
Beverages may be important contributors for energy intake and dietary quality. The purpose of the study was to investigate how beverage consumption varies between different meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper/evening meal, snacks) and between weekdays and weekend-days in Norwegian adults. A cross-sectional dietary survey was conducted among Norwegian adults (n = 1787) in 2010–2011. Two telephone-administered 24 h recalls were used for dietary data collection. Breakfast was the most important meal for milk and juice consumption, dinner for sugar-sweetened beverages and wine, and snacks for water, coffee, artificially sweetened beverages, and beer. Consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages did not differ between weekdays and weekend-days among consumers. The average intake of wine and beer (men only) was higher on weekend-days. Higher age was positively associated with wine consumption and negatively associated with consumption of water, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened beverages. Higher education was associated with consumption of water, beer, and wine, whereas lower education was associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Beverage consumption patterns among Norwegian adults vary between different meal types and in subgroups of the population. Alcohol consumption was higher on weekend-days. Knowledge regarding beverage consumption patterns in the population should be considered when revising dietary guidelines in the future.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
beverage consumption pattern; meal types; food based dietary guide lines; alcohol consumption; sugar-sweetened beverages
▼
Show Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Paulsen, M.M.; Myhre, J.B.; Andersen, L.F. Beverage Consumption Patterns among Norwegian Adults. Nutrients 2016, 8, 561.
Show more citation formats
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.