Zinc Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies
1
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
2
Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2016, 8(11), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110707
Received: 31 August 2016
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Revised: 25 October 2016
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Accepted: 26 October 2016
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Published: 5 November 2016
Zinc is an essential trace element with proposed therapeutic effects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), however, the associations between zinc status and the prospective risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and Type 2 DM have not been evaluated. The current systematic review aims to determine the relationships between zinc intake or plasma/serum zinc levels and prospective incidence of CVD and Type 2 DM. Fourteen papers describing prospective cohort studies were included, reporting either CVD (n = 91,708) and/or Type 2 DM (n = 334,387) outcomes. Primary analyses from four out of five studies reported no association between zinc intake and CVD events, when adjusted for multiple variables. Higher serum zinc level was associated with lower risk of CVD in three out of five studies; pronounced effects were observed in vulnerable populations, specifically those with Type 2 DM and patients referred to coronary angiography. The limited evidence available suggests no association between zinc status and Type 2 DM risk. Further investigations into the mechanisms of zinc’s action on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and additional evidence from observational studies are required to establish a recommendation for dietary zinc in relation to the prevention of CVD and Type 2 DM.
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Keywords:
zinc; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; epidemiology
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MDPI and ACS Style
Chu, A.; Foster, M.; Samman, S. Zinc Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2016, 8, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110707
AMA Style
Chu A, Foster M, Samman S. Zinc Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients. 2016; 8(11):707. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110707
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Anna, Meika Foster, and Samir Samman. 2016. "Zinc Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies" Nutrients 8, no. 11: 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110707
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