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Nutrients
Volume 18
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10.3390/nu18040672
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Article

A Western-Style Breakfast Induces a More Pro-Inflammatory Postprandial Response and Promotes Greater Macrophage Lipid Accumulation Compared to a Mediterranean-Style Breakfast in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals

by
Alejandro Matamoros-Domínguez
1,
Laura Sinausia
1,
Gisela Pérez-Muñoz
1,
Juan Manuel Espinosa-Cabello
1,
Aída García-González
1,
Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez
2,
José María Castellano
1,
Elena María Yubero-Serrano
1,3,
Emilio Montero
2 and
Javier S. Perona
1,*
1
Department of Food and Health, Campus Universida Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 41013 Seville, Spain
2
University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Andalusian Regional Health Service, 41013 Seville, Spain
3
CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2026, 18(4), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040672
Submission received: 12 December 2025 / Revised: 10 February 2026 / Accepted: 11 February 2026 / Published: 18 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Progression of Chronic Diseases)
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Abstract

Background and objectives: Since postprandial lipid metabolism has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the quality of dietary fat may have a crucial role in atherogenesis and metabolic inflammation. In this study, we propose that the quality of dietary fats and the metabolic status of individuals modulate postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) composition and the response of macrophages to TRL. Methods: Randomized controlled crossover trial in the postprandial phase in 12 normal-weight adults and 12 adults with obesity. Each participant consumed both a Western-style (WB) and a Mediterranean-style (MB) breakfast in separate sessions, containing butter or olive oil as the fat source, respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline (0 h), 2 h, and 4 h postprandially, and TRL were isolated and used to treat THP-1 macrophages. Results: The intake of the WB led to higher concentrations of inflammatory-related markers, particularly in individuals with obesity, and resulted in a higher content of saturated fatty acids and lower of monounsaturated fatty acids in TRL compared to the MB. Staining TRL-treated macrophages with Oil Red O revealed substantial lipid accumulation, which was more pronounced in cells cultured with 4 h TRL from individuals with obesity. This was also evidenced by upregulation of gene expression of lipoprotein uptake receptors following the consumption of the WB. Conclusions: Consumption of a WB led to a more pro-inflammatory postprandial profile and promoted greater lipid accumulation in macrophages, particularly in individuals with obesity, compared to a MB. These findings highlight the importance of fat quality in meals for cardiovascular risk management, especially in populations with obesity.
Keywords: postprandial metabolism; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; dietary fat; inflammation; obesity postprandial metabolism; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; dietary fat; inflammation; obesity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Matamoros-Domínguez, A.; Sinausia, L.; Pérez-Muñoz, G.; Espinosa-Cabello, J.M.; García-González, A.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A.; Castellano, J.M.; Yubero-Serrano, E.M.; Montero, E.; Perona, J.S. A Western-Style Breakfast Induces a More Pro-Inflammatory Postprandial Response and Promotes Greater Macrophage Lipid Accumulation Compared to a Mediterranean-Style Breakfast in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals. Nutrients 2026, 18, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040672

AMA Style

Matamoros-Domínguez A, Sinausia L, Pérez-Muñoz G, Espinosa-Cabello JM, García-González A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Castellano JM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Montero E, Perona JS. A Western-Style Breakfast Induces a More Pro-Inflammatory Postprandial Response and Promotes Greater Macrophage Lipid Accumulation Compared to a Mediterranean-Style Breakfast in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals. Nutrients. 2026; 18(4):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matamoros-Domínguez, Alejandro, Laura Sinausia, Gisela Pérez-Muñoz, Juan Manuel Espinosa-Cabello, Aída García-González, Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez, José María Castellano, Elena María Yubero-Serrano, Emilio Montero, and Javier S. Perona. 2026. "A Western-Style Breakfast Induces a More Pro-Inflammatory Postprandial Response and Promotes Greater Macrophage Lipid Accumulation Compared to a Mediterranean-Style Breakfast in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals" Nutrients 18, no. 4: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040672

APA Style

Matamoros-Domínguez, A., Sinausia, L., Pérez-Muñoz, G., Espinosa-Cabello, J. M., García-González, A., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A., Castellano, J. M., Yubero-Serrano, E. M., Montero, E., & Perona, J. S. (2026). A Western-Style Breakfast Induces a More Pro-Inflammatory Postprandial Response and Promotes Greater Macrophage Lipid Accumulation Compared to a Mediterranean-Style Breakfast in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals. Nutrients, 18(4), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040672

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