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Nutrients
Volume 18
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10.3390/nu18172796
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Article

Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052

by
Şükran Özdatlı Kurtuluş
1,
Ertuğrul Osman Bursalıoğlu
2,
Reyhan Aliusta
3,
Betül Türker Şallı
4,5,
Batuhan Cenk Özkan
4,
Deniz Köşebent
4,
Ahmet Arif Kurt
6,
Abdurrahman Recep Bülbül
4,
Fatih Hacımustafaoğlu
7,
Bekir Çakıcı
4,5,
Nazlı Gamze Bülbül
8,
Emine Kızılay
7,
Ronayı Coşkun
9,
Gamze Yıldırım
10,
Semra Sardas
11 and
İsmail Aslan
4,5,12,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye
2
Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Türkiye
3
Venar Sağlık A. S., Büyükesat Mah., Çayhane St., No: 35/A GOP, Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Türkiye
4
ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, Türkiye
5
SFA R&D Private Health Services Co., Ltd., Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, Türkiye
6
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32000, Türkiye
7
Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye
8
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye
9
Department of Pharmacy Management, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye
10
Kızılay Beverages, Istanbul 34750, Türkiye
11
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul 34408, Türkiye
12
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2026, 18(17), 2796; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172796
Submission received: 12 July 2026 / Revised: 13 August 2026 / Accepted: 18 August 2026 / Published: 26 August 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics, Postbiotics, Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Health)
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Abstract

Background: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a widely studied probiotic species; however, probiotic characteristics and safety profiles are strain-specific, requiring independent evaluation. This study characterized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052 as a candidate probiotic raw material. Methods: ATA-LPC98052 was evaluated for hemolysis, acid/bile tolerance, Caco-2 adhesion, cytotoxicity, and storage stability. Subacute oral safety was assessed in Wistar rats by gavage for 28 days at 1.2 × 1011 CFU/kg/day; the study design incorporated selected principles of OECD Test Guideline 407. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, organ-weight, and macroscopic endpoints were evaluated. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing; WGS was used for taxonomic confirmation and genomic safety screening. Results: ATA-LPC98052 was γ-hemolytic and maintained 60% viability at pH 1.5 and 96% at pH 5.0, while viability ranged from 74% to 82% across 0.1–0.5% bile salt concentrations. Caco-2 cell viability was 99%, adhesion exceeded 90%, and the lyophilized preparation remained stable for 15 months, maintaining 9.6 log10 CFU/g. Repeated oral administration caused no mortality or consistent treatment-related toxicological pattern. Longitudinal microbiota analysis showed no significant treatment × time effects on alpha diversity or Bray–Curtis community structure, and no genus-level MaAsLin2 association was FDR-significant. WGS confirmed L. plantarum identity and no contamination; ResFinder detected no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants meeting specified thresholds, whereas CARD/RGI identified low-identity qacJ and vanY homologs requiring cautious interpretation. Conclusion: ATA-LPC98052 demonstrated favorable in vitro probiotic characteristics, technological stability, gut microbiota-modulating potential, and a favorable subacute safety profile under the tested conditions; however, microbiota findings were exploratory, and phenotypic MIC testing remains warranted.
Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; whole-genome sequencing; subacute oral toxicity; gut microbiota Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; whole-genome sequencing; subacute oral toxicity; gut microbiota
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kurtuluş, Ş.Ö.; Bursalıoğlu, E.O.; Aliusta, R.; Şallı, B.T.; Özkan, B.C.; Köşebent, D.; Kurt, A.A.; Bülbül, A.R.; Hacımustafaoğlu, F.; Çakıcı, B.; et al. Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052. Nutrients 2026, 18, 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172796

AMA Style

Kurtuluş ŞÖ, Bursalıoğlu EO, Aliusta R, Şallı BT, Özkan BC, Köşebent D, Kurt AA, Bülbül AR, Hacımustafaoğlu F, Çakıcı B, et al. Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052. Nutrients. 2026; 18(17):2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172796

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kurtuluş, Şükran Özdatlı, Ertuğrul Osman Bursalıoğlu, Reyhan Aliusta, Betül Türker Şallı, Batuhan Cenk Özkan, Deniz Köşebent, Ahmet Arif Kurt, Abdurrahman Recep Bülbül, Fatih Hacımustafaoğlu, Bekir Çakıcı, and et al. 2026. "Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052" Nutrients 18, no. 17: 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172796

APA Style

Kurtuluş, Ş. Ö., Bursalıoğlu, E. O., Aliusta, R., Şallı, B. T., Özkan, B. C., Köşebent, D., Kurt, A. A., Bülbül, A. R., Hacımustafaoğlu, F., Çakıcı, B., Bülbül, N. G., Kızılay, E., Coşkun, R., Yıldırım, G., Sardas, S., & Aslan, İ. (2026). Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052. Nutrients, 18(17), 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172796

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