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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 3
10.3390/nu17030566
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Review

Preoperative Nutrition in Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review on Enhancing Surgical Success and Patient Outcomes

by
Daniel Simancas-Racines
1,†,
Evelyn Frias-Toral
2,†,
Martín Campuzano-Donoso
1,
Daniel Ramos-Sarmiento
1,
Raynier Zambrano-Villacres
3,
Claudia Reytor-González
1,*,‡ and
Luigi Schiavo
4,*,‡
1
Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
2
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
3
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
4
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentostry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed to this work as co-first.
‡
These authors equally contributed to this work as co-last.
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030566
Submission received: 7 January 2025 / Revised: 27 January 2025 / Accepted: 30 January 2025 / Published: 2 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Obesity)
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Abstract

Bariatric surgery has become the preferred treatment for individuals with morbid obesity. Nutrition is key in optimizing surgical outcomes by reducing risks and enhancing recovery. Preoperative strategies, such as reducing body fat, decreasing liver size, and improving metabolic profiles, have been shown to facilitate safer surgical procedures with fewer complications. This narrative review aims to provide an analysis of the fundamental role of preoperative nutritional management in improving bariatric surgery outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing specific nutritional challenges to enhance surgical safety, recovery, and overall health. Preoperative nutritional interventions focus on correcting comorbidities and nutritional deficiencies, particularly hypovitaminosis and micronutrient imbalances, through a multidisciplinary approach involving nutritionists and other healthcare professionals. These interventions not only prepare patients for the physiological demands of surgery but also initiate a period of adaptation to new dietary habits, aiming to improve long-term compliance and mitigate risks such as postoperative weight regain and dumping syndrome. Adopting dietary changes, such as very low-calorie or ketogenic diets 6–12 weeks before surgery, enhances adherence to postoperative restrictions and overall surgical success. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive guidelines for preoperative nutritional care to improve patient outcomes globally.
Keywords: obesity; bariatric surgery; preoperative micronutrient deficiencies; micronutrient supplementation; healthcare obesity; bariatric surgery; preoperative micronutrient deficiencies; micronutrient supplementation; healthcare
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MDPI and ACS Style

Simancas-Racines, D.; Frias-Toral, E.; Campuzano-Donoso, M.; Ramos-Sarmiento, D.; Zambrano-Villacres, R.; Reytor-González, C.; Schiavo, L. Preoperative Nutrition in Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review on Enhancing Surgical Success and Patient Outcomes. Nutrients 2025, 17, 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030566

AMA Style

Simancas-Racines D, Frias-Toral E, Campuzano-Donoso M, Ramos-Sarmiento D, Zambrano-Villacres R, Reytor-González C, Schiavo L. Preoperative Nutrition in Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review on Enhancing Surgical Success and Patient Outcomes. Nutrients. 2025; 17(3):566. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030566

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simancas-Racines, Daniel, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Martín Campuzano-Donoso, Daniel Ramos-Sarmiento, Raynier Zambrano-Villacres, Claudia Reytor-González, and Luigi Schiavo. 2025. "Preoperative Nutrition in Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review on Enhancing Surgical Success and Patient Outcomes" Nutrients 17, no. 3: 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030566

APA Style

Simancas-Racines, D., Frias-Toral, E., Campuzano-Donoso, M., Ramos-Sarmiento, D., Zambrano-Villacres, R., Reytor-González, C., & Schiavo, L. (2025). Preoperative Nutrition in Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review on Enhancing Surgical Success and Patient Outcomes. Nutrients, 17(3), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030566

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