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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 11
10.3390/nu17111789
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China

by
Liangchun Kuo
1,
Yinxi Tan
1,
Yiqun Wu
2,3,
Xueying Qin
2,3,
Haiying Gong
4,
Yao Zhao
4,
Tao Wu
2,3,
Dafang Chen
2,3,
Mengying Wang
1,3,*,
Junbo Wang
1,5,* and
Yonghua Hu
2,3
1
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
3
Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
4
Beijing Fangshan District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102446, China
5
Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111789 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 April 2025 / Revised: 21 May 2025 / Accepted: 22 May 2025 / Published: 24 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rural northern Chinese population, and to explore potential gene–diet interactions that may influence T2DM susceptibility. Methods: A total of 1747 participants (1138 with T2DM and 609 without) were included, using baseline data from a family-based cohort study in rural northern China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical history were collected via standardized questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were conducted according to standardized protocols. Based on findings from previous genome-wide association studies, several T2DM-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected for genotyping. Generalized linear models accounting for familial clustering were employed to examine the associations between dietary intake and T2DM risk, and to assess gene–diet interaction. Results: A significant inverse association was observed between fruit intake and T2DM risk. Furthermore, a significant interaction was found between fruit consumption and the CMIP rs2925979 polymorphism: the protective effect of higher fruit intake was evident among individuals carrying the T allele but not among those with the CC genotype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic variation may modify metabolic responses to dietary factors, particularly fruit intake. The results underscore the importance of considering gene–diet interactions in the prevention of T2DM.
Keywords: fruit intake; type 2 diabetes; CMIP; gene-diet interactions fruit intake; type 2 diabetes; CMIP; gene-diet interactions

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kuo, L.; Tan, Y.; Wu, Y.; Qin, X.; Gong, H.; Zhao, Y.; Wu, T.; Chen, D.; Wang, M.; Wang, J.; et al. Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China. Nutrients 2025, 17, 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111789

AMA Style

Kuo L, Tan Y, Wu Y, Qin X, Gong H, Zhao Y, Wu T, Chen D, Wang M, Wang J, et al. Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China. Nutrients. 2025; 17(11):1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111789

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kuo, Liangchun, Yinxi Tan, Yiqun Wu, Xueying Qin, Haiying Gong, Yao Zhao, Tao Wu, Dafang Chen, Mengying Wang, Junbo Wang, and et al. 2025. "Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China" Nutrients 17, no. 11: 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111789

APA Style

Kuo, L., Tan, Y., Wu, Y., Qin, X., Gong, H., Zhao, Y., Wu, T., Chen, D., Wang, M., Wang, J., & Hu, Y. (2025). Diet–Gene Interaction Between Fruit Intake and CMIP rs2925979 Polymorphism in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Family-Based Study in Northern China. Nutrients, 17(11), 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111789

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