Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lactose Intolerance
2.1. Developmental Lactose Intolerance
2.2. Congenital Lactose Intolerance
2.3. Primary Lactose Intolerance
2.4. Secondary Lactose Intolerance
3. Cow’s Milk Allergy
4. Different Mechanisms and Manifestations between Lactose Intolerance and Cow’s Milk Allergy
5. Nutritional Management for Patients with Lactose Intolerance or Cow’s Milk Allergy
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Signs and Symptoms | LI | CMA |
---|---|---|
Nausea and/or vomiting | ± | ± |
Chronic diarrhea | ++ | ± |
Bloating or abdominal distention | + | ± |
Abdominal cramps/pain | + | ± |
Flatulence | + | ± |
Borborygmi | + | ± |
Blood and/or mucus in the stool | − | + |
Rectal bleeding | − | + |
Perianal rash and irritation | + | − |
Failure to thrive or poor weight gain | − | + |
Skin manifestation (e.g., eczema or urticaria) | − | + |
Respiratory manifestation (e.g., wheezing or asthma) | − | + |
Anaphylaxis | − | + (if IgE-mediated) |
Family history of atopic disease or food allergy | − | + |
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Darma, A.; Sumitro, K.R.; Jo, J.; Sitorus, N. Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma. Nutrients 2024, 16, 414. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030414
Darma A, Sumitro KR, Jo J, Sitorus N. Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma. Nutrients. 2024; 16(3):414. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030414
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarma, Andy, Khadijah Rizky Sumitro, Juandy Jo, and Nova Sitorus. 2024. "Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma" Nutrients 16, no. 3: 414. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030414
APA StyleDarma, A., Sumitro, K. R., Jo, J., & Sitorus, N. (2024). Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma. Nutrients, 16(3), 414. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030414