In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Cell Viability
2.4. Evaluation of Chemokine Release
2.5. Measurement of Epithelial Integrity
2.6. Luciferase Assay and Transcription Factors
2.7. Expression and Activity of Catalase
2.8. Phosphorylation of Histone γ-H2AX
2.9. LC-MS/MS Analysis on Broccoli Sprouts Sample
2.10. Measurement of the Antioxidant Capacity through DPPH and FRAP Assays
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Effect of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane on Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers in CaCo-2 Cells
3.2. Quantification of Sulforaphane before and after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of the Extract
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Time (min) | Phase A (%) | Phase B (%) |
---|---|---|
0 | 90 | 10 |
1 | 90 | 10 |
6 | 0 | 100 |
8 | 0 | 100 |
8.10 | 90 | 10 |
10 | 90 | 10 |
DPPH (μM GAE ± S.D.) | FRAP (μM FeSO4 ± S.D.) | |
---|---|---|
SFN (200 μM) | n.d. | n.d. |
GFN (200 μM) | n.d. | n.d. |
Resv. (100 μM) | 26.63 ± 2.37 | 333.98 ± 9.67 |
Inflammatory Markers | IC50 (μM) of Sulforaphane |
---|---|
CXCL-10 | 23.55 |
IL-8 | 15.74 |
MCP-1 | 7.81 |
NF-κB | 9.75 |
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Sonzogni, E.; Martinelli, G.; Fumagalli, M.; Maranta, N.; Pozzoli, C.; Bani, C.; Marrari, L.A.; Di Lorenzo, C.; Sangiovanni, E.; Dell’Agli, M.; et al. In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162743
Sonzogni E, Martinelli G, Fumagalli M, Maranta N, Pozzoli C, Bani C, Marrari LA, Di Lorenzo C, Sangiovanni E, Dell’Agli M, et al. In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2024; 16(16):2743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162743
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonzogni, Elisa, Giulia Martinelli, Marco Fumagalli, Nicole Maranta, Carola Pozzoli, Corinne Bani, Luigi Alberto Marrari, Chiara Di Lorenzo, Enrico Sangiovanni, Mario Dell’Agli, and et al. 2024. "In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease" Nutrients 16, no. 16: 2743. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162743