Phase Angle as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Baseline Characteristics
2.3. Assessment of PhA and Patient or Technique Survivals
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Patient or Technique Survival according to PhA Tertiles
3.3. The Comparison of Patient or Technique Survival among Various Indicators
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Low Tertile (n = 66) | Middle Tertile (n = 68) | High Tertile (n = 65) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.4 ± 11.7 | 57.3 ± 11.2 | 49.8 ± 11.9 a,b | <0.001 |
Sex (male) | 30 (45.5%) | 35 (51.5%) | 48 (73.8%) | 0.003 |
Davies comorbidity index | <0.001 | |||
Low-risk group | 19 (28.8%) | 20 (29.4%) | 40 (61.5%) | |
Intermediate-risk group | 37 (56.1%) | 45 (66.2%) | 24 (36.9%) | |
High-risk group | 10 (15.2%) | 3 (4.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | |
Automated peritoneal dialysis (%) | 14 (21.2%) | 21 (30.9%) | 22 (33.8%) | 0.245 |
Dialysis vintage (months) | 64 (37–108) | 51 (26–80) | 48 (25–86) | 0.367 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 (21.9–26.2) | 23.9 (21.7–25.6) | 24.8 (22.5–27.9) b | 0.025 |
Weekly Kt/Vurea | 1.93 ± 0.43 | 1.87 ± 0.43 | 1.96 ± 0.51 | 0.454 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.06–0.45) | 0.18 (0.06–0.46) | 0.17 (0.04–0.34) | 0.519 |
Urine volume (mL/day) | 0 (0–500) | 0 (0–310) | 355 (0–1200) a,b | 0.001 |
DP4Cr | 0.69 ± 0.16 | 0.64 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ± 0.12 | 0.509 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 0.597 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.3 ± 0.9 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 0.980 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 0.432 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 137 (134–139) | 136 (134–139) | 137 (134–139) | 0.615 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 a | 3.8 ± 0.4 a,b | <0.001 |
nPNA (g/kg/day) | 0.78 ± 0.21 | 0.85 ± 0.23 | 0.88 ± 0.17 a | 0.028 |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 109 (86–148) | 112 (76–148) | 102 (76–135) | 0.147 |
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 269 (126–431) | 285 (152–438) | 314 (176–555) | 0.235 |
Duration of follow-up (months) | 41 (12–86) | 55 (16–90) | 59 (37–96) | 0.241 |
Patient Survival | Technique Survival | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
Tertile of PhA (decrease 1 tertile) | 3.25 (1.81–5.84) | <0.001 | 2.48 (1.32–4.66) | 0.005 | 1.88 (1.28–2.77) | 0.001 | 1.42 (0.92–2.17) | 0.100 |
Age (ref: <65 years) | 4.16 (2.00–8.62) | <0.001 | 3.60 (1.72–7.55) | 0.001 | 2.60 (1.43–4.73) | 0.002 | 2.31 (1.26–4.22) | 0.007 |
Sex (ref: male) | 1.71 (0.82–3.56) | 0.150 | 1.15 (0.64–2.06) | 0.640 | ||||
BMI (increased 1 kg/m2) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 0.586 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.772 | ||||
UV (increase 1 mL/day) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.112 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.158 | ||||
Albumin (increase 1 g/dL) | 0.36 (0.19–0.69) | 0.002 | 0.68 (0.34–1.37) | 0.281 | 0.41 (0.24–0.70) | 0.001 | 0.60 (0.33–1.06) | 0.077 |
nPNA (increase 1 g/kg/day) | 0.28 (0.05–1.77) | 0.177 | 0.62 (0.15–2.65) | 0.523 | ||||
Davies risk index (increase 1 grade) | 2.45 (1.35–4.46) | 0.003 | 2.01 (1.10–3.65) | 0.023 | 1.95 (1.21–3.14) | 0.006 | 1.63 (1.00–2.65) | 0.051 |
Models | AUC | Difference between AUCs | Relative IDI | Category-Free NRI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Values | Values | p-Value | Values | p-Value | ||
Patient death | ||||||
Multivariate model | 0.79 | – | – | – | – | |
Multivariate model with PhA | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 0.010 | 0.58 | 0.004 |
Technique failure | ||||||
Multivariate model | 0.71 | – | – | – | – | |
Multivariate model with PhA | 0.73 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.051 | 0.28 | 0.090 |
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Kang, S.-H.; Do, J.-Y. Phase Angle as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234991
Kang S-H, Do J-Y. Phase Angle as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis. Nutrients. 2023; 15(23):4991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234991
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Seok-Hui, and Jun-Young Do. 2023. "Phase Angle as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis" Nutrients 15, no. 23: 4991. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234991