Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Inclusion Criteria
- (1)
- Two or more non-encephalopathic clinical CNS events with presumed inflammation, separated by more than 30 days, involving more than one area of the CNS;
- (2)
- One non encephalopathic episode typical of MS which was associated with MRI findings consistent with 2010 Revised McDonald criteria for dissemination in space (DIS) and in which a follow up MRI shows at least one new enhancing or non enhancing lesion consistent with dissemination in time (DIT);
- (3)
- One ADEM attack followed by a non encephalopathic clinical event, three or more months after symptom onset, that was associated with new MRI lesions that fulfill 2010 Revised McDonald for DIS criteria;
- (4)
- A first, single, acute event that does not meet ADEM criteria and whose MRI findings are consistent with the 2010 Revised McDonald criteria for DIS and DIT (this last criterion was valid only for children over 12 years of age.
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Subgroups Classification
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Age at Disease Onset
3.2. Clinical Features at Disease Onset
3.3. MRI Features at Disease Onset
3.4. Laboratorial Features at Disease Onset
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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POMS Subjects | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | No. | % | Age, y | |
Mean | SD | |||
Male | 21 | 38.2% | 13.1 | 3.2 |
Female | 34 | 61.8% | 13.7 | 3.06 |
Total | 55 | 100% | 13.5 | 3.1 |
Healthy Weight | Obese/Overweight | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | Age, y | No. | % | Age, y | |||
Mean | DS | Mean | DS | |||||
Total | 33 | 60 | 14.6 | 4.1 | 22 | 40 | 12.7 | 3.8 |
Male | 14 | 42.4 | 12.4 | 3.5 | 7 | 31.8 | 14.5 | 1.8 |
Female | 19 | 57.6 | 13 | 3.8 | 15 | 68.2 | 14.6 | 1.2 |
Healthy Weight | Obese/Overweight | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age at onset, y | 14.6 | 4.1 | 12.7 | 3.8 | <0.05 |
Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) at onset | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.07 |
No. | % | No. | % | ||
Monofocal onset | 22 | 66.6 | 4 | 18.1 | <0.05 |
Polifocal onset | 7 | 21.2 | 16 | 72.7 | <0.05 |
Encephalopathy at onset | 4 | 12.1 | 2 | 9.1 | 0.08 |
Pyramidal functions | 8 | 25.4 | 11 | 50 | <0.05 |
Superficial sensation (light, touch and pain) | 9 | 27.3 | 11 | 50 | 0.07 |
Proprioceptive sensation | 9 | 27.3 | 6 | 27.3 | 0.08 |
Cerebellar functions | 9 | 27.3 | 3 | 13.6 | 0.19 |
Brainstem functions | 16 | 48.5 | 9 | 40.9 | 0.39 |
Visual deficit | 10 | 30.3 | 9 | 40.8 | 0.3 |
Bowel and bladder functions | 2 | 6.1 | 2 | 9.1 | 0.52 |
Oligoclonal band (intrathecal IgG synthesis) | 26 | 83.9 | 19 | 95 | 0.23 |
Pleocytosis (>5 cell/mmc) | 13 | 50 | 14 | 70 | 0.14 |
Ig G anti-Epstein–Bar virus | 30 | 91 | 22 | 100 | 0.2 |
Healthy Weight | Obese/Overweight | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | ||
Black holes | 5 | 15.5 | 12 | 54.5 | <0.05 |
Periventricular lesion | 29 | 87.9 | 18 | 81.8 | 0.4 |
Juxtacortical/cortical | 25 | 75.8 | 19 | 86.4 | 0.27 |
Infratentorial | 23 | 69.7 | 13 | 59.1 | 0.3 |
Optic nerve | 13 | 39.4 | 9 | 40.9 | 0.5 |
Spinal cord | 20 | 60.6 | 13 | 59.1 | 0.09 |
Gadolinium enhancing lesions | 25 | 75.8 | 19 | 86.4 | 0.27 |
Tumefactive lesions | 8 | 24.2 | 6 | 27.3 | 0.52 |
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Papetti, L.; Panella, E.; Monte, G.; Ferilli, M.A.N.; Tarantino, S.; Checchi, M.P.; Valeriani, M. Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4880. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234880
Papetti L, Panella E, Monte G, Ferilli MAN, Tarantino S, Checchi MP, Valeriani M. Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients. Nutrients. 2023; 15(23):4880. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234880
Chicago/Turabian StylePapetti, Laura, Elena Panella, Gabriele Monte, Michela Ada Noris Ferilli, Samuela Tarantino, Martina Proietti Checchi, and Massimiliano Valeriani. 2023. "Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients" Nutrients 15, no. 23: 4880. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234880