Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Different Adipose Tissues
3. BAT Acts as a Therapeutic Target for Combating Metabolic Disorders
3.1. Distribution of BAT in the Human Body
3.2. Correlation between BAT, Nutritional Imbalance and Metabolic Disorders
3.3. Strategies for BAT Activation
4. Nutritional Factors Regulate BAT Activity
4.1. Macronutrients and Their Impact on BAT
4.1.1. Proteins
4.1.2. Carbohydrates
4.1.3. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
4.1.4. Omega-6 Fatty Acids
4.2. Micronutrients and Their Impact on BAT
4.2.1. Vitamin D
4.2.2. Succinate
4.2.3. Inosine
4.2.4. Arginine
4.2.5. 12,13-diHOME
4.2.6. 12-HEPE
4.2.7. Alkylglycerols
4.2.8. Carnitine
5. Natural Products
5.1. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG)
5.2. Resveratrol
5.3. Caffeine
5.4. Capsaicin and Capsinoids
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Models | Impacts/Effects | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Macronutrients | |||
Proteins | healthy men | ↑ BAT activity | [69,70,71] |
Carbohydrates | male mice | ↑ thermogenesis and blood flow | [40] |
Intermittent fasting | mice | ↓ body weight; ↑ beige fat activity | [63] |
Caloric restriction | mice | ↓ body weight, leptin, glucose; ↑ beige fat and BAT activity | [66] |
Omega-3 fatty acids | healthy men | ↓ body weight; ↑ BAT activity | [72] |
Omega-6 fatty acids | healthy men | ↑ body weight; ↓ BAT activity | [73] |
Micronutrients | |||
Vitamin D | obese rats | ↓ body weight; ↑ WAT browning | [74] |
Succinate | male mice | ↓ body weight; ↑ glucose tolerance | [75] |
Inosine | male mice | ↓ body weight; ↑ glucose tolerance | [76] |
Arginine | obese rats | ↓ body fat; ↑ skeletal muscle and BAT mass | [77] |
12,13-diHome | healthy men and women | ↓ BMI and triglycerides; ↑ BAT activity | [78] |
12-HEPE | male mice | ↑ glucose tolerance | [79] |
Alkylglycerols | infant mice | ↓ fat accumulation; ↑ beige fat activity | [47] |
Carnitine | juvenile visceral steatosis mice | ↑ thermogenesis and BAT activity | [80] |
newborn goats | ↑ thermogenesis and BAT activity | [81] | |
Natural Product | |||
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | male mice | ↑ insulin sensitivity, thermogenesis, UCP1 level; ↓ blood glucose | [82] |
Resveratrol | obese men | ↓ triglycerides, glucose, energy expenditure | [83] |
Caffeine | healthy men and women | ↑ thermogenesis | [84] |
obese men | ↑ energy expenditure and lipid oxidation | [85] | |
obese mice | ↓ body weight; ↑ glucose tolerance, UCP1 level | [86] | |
Capsaicin | healthy men | ↑ Energy Expenditure, BAT activity | [87] |
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Noriega, L.; Yang, C.-Y.; Wang, C.-H. Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184072
Noriega L, Yang C-Y, Wang C-H. Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients. 2023; 15(18):4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184072
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoriega, Lloyd, Cheng-Ying Yang, and Chih-Hao Wang. 2023. "Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for Nutritional Interventions" Nutrients 15, no. 18: 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184072