Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters * | Total Cohort (n = 250) | Males (n = 69) | Females (n = 181) | p ^ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 43.5 ± 11.9 | 42.4 ± 11.9 | 44.0 ± 11.9 | 0.45 |
Age Classes (%) | 0.12 ψ | |||
Young Adult (≤25 y) | 23 (9.2) | 10 (14.5) | 13 (7.2) | |
Adult (26–44 y) | 106 (42.4) | 26 (37.7) | 80 (44.2) | |
Middle Aged (45–59 y) | 99 (39.6) | 30 (43.5) | 69 (38.1) | |
Elderly (≥60 y) | 22 (8.8) | 3 (4.3) | 19 (10.5) | |
Level of Education (%) | 0.64 ψ | |||
None | 5 (2.2) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (2.4) | |
Elementary School | 9 (3.9) | 4 (6.0) | 5 (3.1) | |
Secondary school | 173 (75.2) | 51 (76.1) | 122 (74.8) | |
High school | 41 (17.8) | 10 (14.9) | 31 (19.0) | |
Degree | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.6) | |
Marital Status (%) | 0.47 ψ | |||
Unmarried | 44 (27.3) | 13 (27.1) | 31 (27.4) | |
Married | 103 (64.0) | 33 (68.7) | 70 (61.9) | |
Separated | 7 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.2) | |
Divorced | 4 (2.5) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (2.6) | |
Widow/er | 3 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (1.8) | |
Smoking habit (%) | 0.10 ψ | |||
No | 121 (51.3) | 31 (47.0) | 90 (52.9) | |
Ex | 47 (19.9) | 19 (28.8) | 28 (16.5) | |
Yes | 68 (28.8) | 16 (24.2) | 52 (30.6) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 46.6 ± 8.4 | 47.9 ± 10.2 | 46.1 ± 7.5 | 0.54 |
Alcohol Consumption (die) (%) | 0.62 ψ | |||
None | 148 (74.4) | 43 (76.8) | 105 (73.4) | |
Occasional | 51 (25.6) | 13 (23.2) | 38 (26.6) | |
Physical Activity (%) | 0.95 ψ | |||
Poor | 161 (85.2) | 47 (85.4) | 114 (85.1) | |
Occasional | 28 (14.8) | 8 (14.5) | 20 (14.9) | |
Employment (Yes) (%) | 85 (59.7) | 32 (82.0) | 53 (51.5) | 0.001 |
Diet (%) | 0.30 ψ | |||
Ketogenic | 164 (69.2) | 49 (74.2) | 115 (67.2) | |
Low-Carb | 56 (23.6) | 15 (22.7) | 41 (24.0) | |
Hypocaloric | 17 (7.2) | 2 (3.0) | 15 (8.8) | |
Surgery (%) | 0.39 ψ | |||
Sleeve | 117 (47.8) | 37 (55.2) | 80 (44.9) | |
Bypass | 113 (46.1) | 29 (43.3) | 84 (47.2) | |
LAGB | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | |
SAGI | 4 (1.6) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (1.7) | |
Redo-Bypass | 8 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.5) | |
Redo-Sleeve | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
Hospitalization (days) | 3.7 ± 2.7 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 0.65 |
Blood tests | ||||
Total Protein (g/dL) | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 0.85 |
Albumin (%) | 53.3 ± 4.3 | 54.1 ± 4.6 | 53.0 ± 4.1 | 0.03 |
Alpha-1 (%) | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 0.09 |
Alpha-2 (%) | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 12.4 ± 1.9 | 0.08 |
Beta-1 (%) | 10.1 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | 0.27 |
Gamma (%) | 14.7 ± 3.8 | 14.6 ± 3.4 | 14.8 ± 3.9 | 0.35 |
Ratio A/G | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.03 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 0.19 |
Alpha-1 (g/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.49 |
Alpha-2 (g/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.20 |
Beta-1 (g/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.52 |
Gamma (g/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.33 |
Beta-2 (%) | 6.9 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 0.03 |
Beta-2 (g/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.03 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 96.4 ± 14.1 | 100.6 ± 16.1 | 94.7 ± 12.9 | 0.02 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 115.1 ± 49.7 | 127.2 ± 61.3 | 110.3 ± 43.5 | 0.04 |
Cholesterol (mg/mL) | 182.8 ± 35.3 | 175.5 ± 28.7 | 185.7 ± 37.2 | 0.10 |
Total Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.10 |
Direct Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.93 |
Indirect Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.06 |
Azotemia (mg/dL) | 35.1 ± 10.2 | 36.2 ± 9.3 | 34.7 ± 10.6 | 0.23 |
Creatininemia (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 |
CPK (U/L) | 115.9 ± 69.3 | 146.0 ± 82.2 | 103.8 ± 59.5 | 0.0002 |
GOT (U/L) | 23.2 ± 8.0 | 24.7 ± 8.7 | 22.6 ± 7.6 | 0.09 |
GGT (U/I) | 22.7 ± 16.9 | 27.5 ± 19.5 | 20.7 ± 15.4 | 0.001 |
ALP (mU/mL) | 157.7 ± 62.9 | 154.8 ± 60.5 | 158.9 ± 64.0 | 0.70 |
Iron (mg/dL) | 59.3 ± 26.4 | 65.0 ± 23.7 | 57.0 ± 27.2 | 0.009 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 82.4 ± 81.0 | 127.9 ± 77.3 | 64.3 ± 75.2 | <0.0001 |
Transferrin (mg/dL) | 319.3 ± 105.6 | 285.6 ± 55.3 | 332.8 ± 117.4 | 0.003 |
α—Amylase (UI/L) | 54.8 ± 31.9 | 61.2 ± 53.0 | 52.3 ± 17.2 | 0.83 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.7 ± 2.4 | 138.5 ± 2.3 | 138.8 ± 2.5 | 0.35 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 0.44 |
Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 0.57 |
Cholinesterase (U/L) | 10135.8 ± 2044.1 | 10632.0 ± 2290.6 | 9937.3 ± 1909.0 | 0.08 |
GPT (U/L) | 32.1 ± 16.8 | 39.5 ± 20.1 | 29.2 ± 14.3 | 0.0003 |
Hepatitis C (IgG) | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 1.3 | 0.30 |
HBsAg | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.76 |
TSH (mUI/mL) | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 0.008 |
FT3 (pg/mL) | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
FT4 (ng/mL) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.14 |
Lipase (U/L) | 36.5 ± 12.0 | 37.1 ± 12.7 | 36.2 ± 11.8 | 0.46 |
PTH Intact (pg/mL) | 77.8 ± 36.6 | 70.2 ± 36.0 | 80.9 ± 36.5 | 0.03 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 116.0 ± 32.4 | 113.3 ± 28.4 | 117.0 ± 33.9 | 0.70 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 45.2 ± 11.8 | 39.0 ± 7.7 | 47.7 ± 12.2 | <0.0001 |
Prothrombin Time—P (%) | 108.3 ± 19.3 | 108.6 ± 16.1 | 108.2 ± 20.5 | 0.83 |
I.N.R. | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.77 |
Partial Thromboplastin Time (sec) | 27.8 ± 8.8 | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 28.4 ± 9.9 | 0.17 |
Ratio | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.24 |
Fibrinogen-P (mg/dL) | 383.2 ± 82.0 | 379.1 ± 109.4 | 384.9 ± 68.5 | 0.19 |
WBC (K/mcL) | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 0.10 |
RBC (M/mcL) | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
Hgb (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.2 | 14.8 ± 0.9 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 |
HCT (%) | 41.6 ± 3.8 | 44.6 ± 3.2 | 40.5 ± 3.3 | <0.0001 |
MCV (fL) | 85.4 ± 5.8 | 86.7 ± 4.4 | 84.9 ± 6.2 | 0.13 |
MCH (pg) | 28.2 ± 2.1 | 28.9 ± 1.4 | 27.9 ± 2.2 | 0.006 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 33.0 ± 1.1 | 33.3 ± 1.1 | 32.8 ± 1.1 | 0.009 |
Platelets (K/mcL) | 246.7 ± 55.9 | 233.3 ± 56.2 | 252.0 ± 55.1 | 0.03 |
RDW-CV (%) | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 14.2 ± 1.1 | 14.4 ± 1.1 | 0.20 |
MPV (fL) | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 9.1 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 0.35 |
PCT (%) | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.009 |
PDW (%) | 49.9 ± 6.2 | 51.1 ± 5.1 | 49.4 ± 6.5 | 0.02 |
Neutrophils (%) | 62.8 ± 6.9 | 62.7 ± 6.6 | 62.8 ± 7.0 | 0.76 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 27.3 ± 6.2 | 26.6 ± 5.8 | 27.5 ± 6.4 | 0.32 |
Monocytes (%) | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 0.001 |
Eosinophils (%) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.03 |
Basophils (%) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.72 |
ESR | 19.2 ± 12.9 | 12.1 ± 9.4 | 22.1 ± 12.9 | <0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 0.18 |
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (mmol/mol) | 38.5 ± 7.0 | 40.0 ± 7.5 | 37.9 ± 6.7 | 0.13 |
Blood Group (%) | 0.25 ψ | |||
0 | 106 (44.5) | 32 (48.5) | 74 (43.0) | |
A | 95 (39.9) | 28 (42.4) | 67 (38.9) | |
AB | 11 (4.6) | 3 (4.5) | 8 (4.6) | |
B | 26 (10.9) | 3 (4.5) | 23 (13.4) | |
Rh Factor (%) | 0.63 ψ | |||
Negative | 25 (10.4) | 8 (11.9) | 17 (9.8) | |
Positive | 215 (89.6) | 59 (88.1) | 156 (90.2) | |
Concomitant diseases | ||||
Allergy (Yes) (%) | 89 (36.6) | 18 (27.3) | 71 (40.1) | 0.06 ψ |
Hypertension (Yes) (%) | 110 (44.0) | 38 (55.1) | 72 (39.8) | 0.03 ψ |
Diabetes (Yes) (%) | 97 (38.8) | 33 (47.8) | 64 (35.4) | 0.07 ψ |
Ultrasound Results | ||||
Liver Volume (%) | 0.003 ψ | |||
Normal | 89 (38.4) | 14 (22.6) | 75 (44.1) | |
Increased | 143 (61.6) | 48 (77.4) | 95 (55.9) | |
Liver Margins (%) | 0.23 ψ | |||
Smooth | 197 (98.0) | 45 (95.7) | 152 (98.7) | |
Irregular | 4 (2.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (1.3) | |
Steatosis (%) | 0.006 ψ | |||
No/Mild | 66 (28.4) | 9 (14.7) | 57 (33.3) | |
Moderate/Severe | 166 (71.5) | 52 (85.2) | 114 (66.7) | |
Gallbladder Volume (%) | 0.03 ψ | |||
Ablated | 24 (10.7) | 3 (5.2) | 21 (12.6) | |
Normal | 183 (81.3) | 47 (81.0) | 136 (81.4) | |
Expanse | 13 (5.8) | 4 (6.9) | 9 (5.4) | |
Contracted | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Scleroatrophic | 4 (1.8) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | |
Gallbladder Stones (Yes) (%) | 35 (17.2) | 11 (19.0) | 24 (16.4) | 0.67 ψ |
Spleen Volume (%) | 0.57 ψ | |||
Normal | 214 (92.6) | 56 (94.9) | 158 (91.9) | |
Increased | 17 (7.4) | 3 (5.1) | 14 (8.1) |
Parameters * | Total Cohort (n = 250) | p ^ | Males (n = 69) | p ^ | Females (n = 181) | p ^ | p ¥ | p † | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No/Mild Steatosis (n = 66) | Moderate/ Severe Steatosis (n = 166) | No/Mild Steatosis (n = 9) | Moderate/ Severe Steatosis (n = 52) | No/Mild Steatosis (n = 57) | Moderate/ Severe Steatosis (n = 114) | ||||||
Age (y) | 40.8 ± 12.0 | 44.6 ± 11.9 | 0.03 | 40.9 ± 16.3 | 42.7 ± 11.5 | 0.62 | 40.8 ± 11.3 | 45.5 ± 12.0 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.18 |
Age Classes (%) | 0.50 ψ | 0.52 ψ | 0.32 ψ | 0.32 α | 0.22 β | ||||||
Young Adult (≤25 y) | 7 (10.6) | 15 (9.0) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (13.5) | 5 (8.8) | 8 (7.0) | |||||
Adult (26–44 y) | 32 (48.5) | 65 (39.2) | 3 (33.3) | 20 (38.5) | 29 (50.9) | 45 (39.5) | |||||
Middle Age (45–59 y) | 23 (34.8) | 70 (42.2) | 3 (3.3) | 23 (44.2) | 20 (35.1) | 47 (41.2) | |||||
Old Age (≥ 60 y) | 4 (6.1) | 16 (9.6) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (3.8) | 3 (5.3) | 14 (12.3) | |||||
Degree of Education (%) | 0.65 ψ | 0.21 ψ | 0.71 ψ | 0.20 α | 0.66 β | ||||||
No | 1 (1.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (1.9) | |||||
Elementary School | 3 (5.3) | 5 (3.2) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (2.9) | |||||
Secondary school | 41 (71.9) | 121 (77.6) | 5 (62.5) | 40 (78.4) | 36 (73.5) | 81 (77.1) | |||||
High school | 11 (19.3) | 27 (17.3) | 1 (12.5) | 8 (15.7) | 10 (20.4) | 19 (18.1) | |||||
Short Degree | 1 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
Marital Status (%) | <0.001 ψ | 0.15 ψ | 0.003 ψ | 0.47 α | 0.99 β | ||||||
Unmarried maiden | 14 (34.1) | 26 (24.5) | 2 (40.0) | 9 (25.7) | 12 (33.3) | 17 (23.9) | |||||
Married | 18 (43.9) | 76 (71.7) | 2 (40.0) | 25 (71.4) | 16 (44.4) | 51 (71.8) | |||||
Separate | 6 (14.6) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (16.7) | 1 (1.4) | |||||
Divorced | 1 (2.4) | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (2.8) | |||||
Widower | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
Smoke (%) | 0.47 ψ | 0.33 ψ | 0.53 ψ | 0.34 α | 0.10 β | ||||||
No | 31 (51.7) | 82 (51.6) | 6 (75.0) | 22 (43.1) | 25 (48.1) | 60 (55.6) | |||||
Ex | 9 (15.0) | 34 (21.4) | 1 (12.5) | 16 (31.4) | 8 (15.4) | 18 (16.7) | |||||
Yes | 20 (33.3) | 43 (27.0) | 1 (12.5) | 13 (25.5) | 19 (36.5) | 30 (27.8) | |||||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 44.1 ± 6.2 | 47.1 ± 8.4 | 0.02 | 46.4 ± 6.3 | 47.4 ± 9.9 | 0.93 | 43.7 ± 6.2 | 47.0 ± 7.7 | 0.008 ψ | 0.18 | 0.71 |
Alcohol Consumption (die) (%) | 0.41 ψ | 0.66 ψ | 0.49 ψ | 0.99 α | 0.73 β | ||||||
No | 41 (77.4) | 5 (71.4) | 6 (85.7) | 33 (73.3) | 35 (76.1) | 62 (70.4) | |||||
Sporadic | 12 (22.6) | 38 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | 12 (26.7) | 11 (23.9) | 26 (29.5) | |||||
Physical Activity (%) | 0.16 ψ | 0.99 ψ | 0.10 ψ | 0.99 α | 0.51 β | ||||||
Poor | 39 (78.0) | 109 (86.5) | 6 (85.7) | 36 (83.7) | 33 (76.7) | 73 (87.9) | |||||
Occasional | 11 (22.0) | 17 (13.5) | 1 (14.3) | 7 (16.3) | 10 (23.3) | 10 (15.0) | |||||
Working Activity (Yes) (%) | 25 (61.0) | 57 (60.6) | 0.97 ψ | 2 (66.7) | 28 (84.8) | 0.43 ψ | 23 (60.5) | 29 (47.5) | 0.21 ψ | 0.99 α | <0.001 β |
Diet (%) | 0.05 ψ | 0.99 ψ | 0.03 ψ | 0.39 α | 0.65 β | ||||||
Ketogenic | 36 (59.0) | 119 (75.3) | 6 (85.7) | 38 (74.5) | 30 (55.6) | 81 (75.7) | |||||
Low-Carb | 19 (31.1) | 29 (18.3) | 1 (14.3) | 11 (21.6) | 18 (33.3) | 18 (16.8) | |||||
Hypocaloric | 6 (9.8) | 10 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.9) | 6 (11.1) | 8 (7.5) | |||||
Surgery (%) | 0.009 ψ | 0.72 ψ | 0.01 ψ | 0.72 α | 0.58 β | ||||||
Sleeve | 21 (32.8) | 87 (53.4) | 4 (50.0) | 29 (56.9) | 17 (30.4) | 58 (51.8) | |||||
Bypass | 38 (59.4) | 68 (41.7) | 4 (50.0) | 22 (43.1) | 34 (60.7) | 46 (41.1) | |||||
LAGB | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
SAGI | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | |||||
Redo-Bypass | 3 (4.7) | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.4) | 5 (4.5) | |||||
Redo-Sleeve | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |||||
Hospitalization (days) | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.9 | 0.001 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 0.60 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 3.8 ± 3.2 | 0.002 | 0.55 | 0.62 |
Blood tests | |||||||||||
Total Protein (g/dL) | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | 0.50 | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 0.14 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.53 |
Albumin (%) | 54.0 ± 4.1 | 53.1 ± 4.2 | 0.27 | 56.0 ± 3.5 | 54.2 ± 4.1 | 0.44 | 53.7 ± 4.1 | 52.6 ± 4.1 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.01 |
Alpha-1 (%) | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 0.45 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 0.90 | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.10 |
Alpha-2 (%) | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 0.04 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 0.82 | 11.9 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 2.0 | 0.007 | 0.78 | 0.02 |
Beta-1 (%) | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 10.2 ± 2.1 | 0.45 | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 9.9 ± 1.3 | 0.81 | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 10.3 ± 2.3 | 0.30 | 0.84 | 0.31 |
Gamma (%) | 14.0 ± 4.4 | 14.9 ± 3.6 | 0.57 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 0.11 | 14.2 ± 4.6 | 15.1 ± 3.6 | 0.80 | 0.05 | 0.35 |
Ratio A/G | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.27 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.42 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 0.60 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 0.15 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 0.73 | 0.42 | 0.04 |
Alpha-1 (g/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.72 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.68 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
Alpha-2 (g/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.50 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.10 |
Beta-1 (g/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.67 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.94 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.60 | 0.96 | 0.72 |
Gamma (g/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.29 |
Beta-2 (%) | 6.8 ± 2.7 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 0.22 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 7.0 ± 1.2 | 0.72 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.16 |
Beta-2 (g/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.14 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.25 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.44 | 0.87 | 0.05 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 93.7 ± 9.8 | 97.5 ± 15.3 | 0.14 | 92.4 ± 5.5 | 102.8 ± 16.9 | 0.09 | 93.9 ± 10.3 | 0.9 ± 13.8 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 0.007 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 94.4 ± 28.1 | 122.2 ± 54.0 | 0.0005 | 91.1 ± 25.2 | 132.7 ± 66.0 | 0.08 | 95.0 ± 28.8 | 117.4 ± 47.0 | 0.006 | 0.92 | 0.14 |
Cholesterol (mg/mL) | 185.1 ± 39.9 | 182.2 ± 34.5 | 0.88 | 184.3 ± 34.6 | 174.4 ± 28.0 | 0.29 | 185.2 ± 41.0 | 185.8 ± 36.7 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.08 |
Total Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.08 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.30 |
Direct Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.35 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.44 | 0.75 | 0.60 |
Indirect Fractional Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.21 |
Azotemia (mg/dL) | 36.1 ± 12.5 | 34.8 ± 9.4 | 0.81 | 34.0 ± 8.6 | 36.8 ± 9.3 | 0.39 | 36.5 ± 13.0 | 33.9 ± 9.4 | 0.40 | 0.71 | 0.07 |
Creatininaemia (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.40 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.73 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.10 | 0.008 | <0.0001 |
CPK (U/L) | 101.0 ± 50.7 | 122.3 ± 73.7 | 0.15 | 122.7 ± 46.2 | 152.6 ± 84.4 | 0.45 | 97.4 ± 51.1 | 108.2 ± 63.8 | 0.51 | 0.09 | 0.001 |
GOT (U/L) | 20.9 ± 6.2 | 23.9 ± 8.2 | 0.02 | 19.9 ± 4.9 | 25.4 ± 8.9 | 0.11 | 21.0 ± 6.4 | 23.2 ± 7.9 | 0.12 | 0.82 | 0.18 |
GGT (U/I) | 18.2 ± 13.6 | 23.6 ± 17.8 | 0.01 | 19.9 ± 10.8 | 28.1 ± 20.5 | 0.27 | 17.9 ± 14.1 | 21.5 ± 16.1 | 0.09 | 0.44 | 0.007 |
ALP (mU/mL) | 151.3 ± 69.7 | 160.6 ± 61.6 | 0.29 | 134.1 ± 77.2 | 155.1 ± 60.9 | 0.53 | 154.1 ± 68.9 | 163.1 ± 62.1 | 0.29 | 0.61 | 0.42 |
Iron (mg/dL) | 59.3 ± 22.8 | 59.4 ± 28.2 | 0.85 | 75.7 ± 19.3 | 64.3 ± 24.6 | 0.09 | 56.7 ± 22.4 | 57.1 ± 29.6 | 0.82 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 59.4 ± 72.4 | 86.4 ± 80.1 | 0.001 | 177.9 ± 114.7 | 112.8 ± 61.2 | 0.18 | 40.1 ± 38.9 | 74.1 ± 85.1 | 0.001 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
Transferrin (mg/dL) | 348.0 ± 162.6 | 312.5 ± 80.6 | 0.14 | 280.4 ± 61.6 | 286.5 ± 56.7 | 0.99 | 359.0 ± 171.5 | 324.6 ± 87.2 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.02 |
α—Amylase (UI/L) | 50.0 ± 17.1 | 53.2 ± 19.6 | 0.44 | 53.7 ± 12.9 | 54.3 ± 24.9 | 0.32 | 49.4 ± 17.7 | 52.7 ± 16.7 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.38 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.0 ± 2.5 | 138.7 ± 2.4 | 0.63 | 138.7 ± 1.6 | 138.5 ± 2.5 | 0.63 | 139.0 ± 2.6 | 138.8 ± 2.4 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.35 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.41 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.10 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.83 |
Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 0.66 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | 0.35 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 0.79 | 0.24 | 0.57 |
Cholinesterase (U/L) | 9425.4 ± 2117.7 | 10,368.4 ± 2022.8 | 0.01 | 9557.1 ± 2671.4 | 10,763.0 ± 2308.5 | 0.31 | 9403.9 ± 2051.7 | 10,184.7 ± 1859.1 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.26 |
GPT (U/L) | 25.9 ± 14.4 | 33.4 ± 16.1 | 0.0004 | 25.3 ± 6.9 | 40.2 ± 19.6 | 0.04 | 26.0 ± 15.3 | 30.2 ± 13.2 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.002 |
Hepatitis C (IgG) | 0.3 ± 1.5 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.43 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.10 | 0.3 ± 1.7 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 0.61 |
HBsAg | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.96 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.22 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.56 | 0.19 | 0.76 |
TSH (mUI/mL) | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 0.12 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.62 | 2.5 ± 2.6 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.008 |
FT3 (pg/mL) | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 0.99 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.47 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 0.39 | 0.59 | 0.001 |
FT4 (ng/mL) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.48 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.49 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.14 |
Lipase (U/L) | 35.9 ± 14.3 | 36.9 ± 11.5 | 0.26 | 33.9 ± 4.7 | 38.8 ± 13.5 | 0.33 | 36.2 ± 15.3 | 36.1 ± 10.3 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 0.46 |
PTH Intact (pg/mL) | 69.9 ± 33.5 | 82.4 ± 37.3 | 0.02 | 56.3 ± 25.5 | 74.2 ± 37.1 | 0.27 | 72.1 ± 34.3 | 86.2 ± 37.0 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.03 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 114.4 ± 37.7 | 116.1 ± 31.1 | 0.52 | 109.0 ± 46.8 | 111.9 ± 24.3 | 0.75 | 115.2 ± 36.6 | 118.1 ± 33.8 | 0.36 | 0.73 | 0.70 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 48.0 ± 10.2 | 44.2 ± 11.7 | 0.02 | 42.7 ± 6.9 | 38.9 ± 7.9 | 0.21 | 48.8 ± 10.5 | 46.7 ± 12.3 | 0.22 | 0.14 | <0.0001 |
Prothrombin Time—P (%) | 105.8 ± 18.5 | 108.4 ± 19.4 | 0.41 | 111.2 ± 13.8 | 108.4 ± 17.2 | 0.70 | 105.0 ± 19.1 | 108.4 ± 20.5 | 0.30 | 0.72 | 0.83 |
I.N.R. | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.42 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.66 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.29 | 0.69 | 0.77 |
Partial Thromboplastin Time (sec) | 27.9 ± 5.5 | 28.2 ± 10.0 | 0.26 | 25.2 ± 2.6 | 27.1 ± 5.3 | 0.35 | 28.3 ± 5.7 | 28.7 ± 11.5 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.17 |
Ratio | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.20 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.55 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.24 |
Fibrinogen-P (mg/dL) | 371.5 ± 65.8 | 383.9 ± 79.2 | 0.32 | 367.2 ± 64.1 | 367.3 ± 95.3 | 0.79 | 372.2 ± 66.7 | 391.6 ± 69.7 | 0.10 | 0.97 | 0.19 |
WBC (K/mcL) | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 0.01 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 0.56 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 0.004 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
RBC (M/mcL) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 0.02 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 0.60 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 0.19 | 0.04 | <0.0001 |
Hgb (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.0 | 13.8 ± 1.2 | 0.05 | 14.9 ± 0.8 | 14.8 ± 1.0 | 0.82 | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 13.4 ± 1.1 | 0.48 | 0.0004 | <0.0001 |
HCT (%) | 40.8 ± 3.43 | 41.9 ± 3.8 | 0.03 | 45.1 ± 4.0 | 44.3 ± 3.1 | 0.76 | 40.1 ± 2.8 | 40.7 ± 3.5 | 0.23 | 0.002 | <0.0001 |
MCV (fL) | 85.4 ± 5.7 | 85.5 ± 6.0 | 0.92 | 89.2 ± 4.6 | 86.7 ± 4.4 | 0.20 | 84.8 ± 5.6 | 95.0 ± 6.6 | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
MCH (pg) | 28.1 ± 2.1 | 28.2 ± 2.1 | 0.90 | 29.4 ± 1.3 | 28.9 ± 1.4 | 0.43 | 27.9 ± 2.2 | 27.8 ± 2.3 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.006 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 32.9 ± 1.1 | 32.9 ± 1.1 | 0.98 | 33.0 ± 1.3 | 33.4 ± 1.1 | 0.79 | 32.9 ± 1.1 | 32.7 ± 1.1 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 0.009 |
Platelets (K/mcL) | 249.6 ± 58.6 | 246.5 ± 56.4 | 0.99 | 250.7 ± 68.1 | 229.7 ± 57.2 | 0.54 | 249.4 ± 57.8 | 254.3 ± 54.6 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.03 |
RDW-CV (%) | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 0.76 | 14.6 ± 1.6 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0.37 | 14.3 ± 1.0 | 14.4 ± 1.2 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.20 |
MPV (fL) | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 0.65 | 9.6 ± 1.1 | 9.0 ± 1.1 | 0.37 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
PCT (%) | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.83 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.15 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 0.009 |
PDW (%) | 47.8 ± 5.4 | 50.5 ± 6.2 | 0.01 | 50.3 ± 4.4 | 51.5 ± 5.1 | 0.51 | 47.4 ± 5.5 | 50.1 ± 6.7 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.002 |
Neutrophils (%) | 61.6 ± 6.9 | 63.0 ± 6.9 | 0.13 | 61.5 ± 4.3 | 62.0 ± 6.5 | 0.87 | 61.6 ± 7.2 | 63.4 ± 7.0 | 0.09 | 0.91 | 0.76 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 28.5 ± 5.9 | 27.0 ± 6.3 | 0.05 | 28.1 ± 4.1 | 27.0 ± 5.9 | 0.49 | 28.6 ± 6.2 | 27.0 ± 6.6 | 0.08 | 0.61 | 0.32 |
Monocytes (%) | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 0.59 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 0.74 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.001 |
Eosinophils (%) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.76 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 0.66 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.76 | 0.62 | 0.03 |
Basophils (%) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.39 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.99 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.31 | 0.83 | 0.72 |
ESR | 20.0 ± 13.6 | 19.0 ± 12.6 | 0.63 | 8.5 ± 7.3 | 11.8 ± 8.7 | 0.25 | 21.7 ± 13.5 | 22.3 ± 12.8 | 0.69 | 0.01 | <0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.04 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 0.01 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 0.38 | 0.14 | 0.18 |
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (mmol/mol) | 37.0 ± 7.3 | 39.0 ± 6.9 | 0.02 | 34.1 ± 4.8 | 41.2 ± 7.4 | 0.009 | 37.5 ± 7.7 | 38.1 ± 6.4 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
Blood Group (%) | 0.15 ψ | 0.64 ψ | 0.04 ψ | 0.71 α | 0.25 β | ||||||
0 | 24 (37.5) | 72 (45.9) | 4 (44.4) | 24 (49.0) | 20 (36.4) | 48 (44.4) | |||||
A | 34 (53.1) | 58 (36.9) | 4 (44.4) | 22 (44.9) | 30 (54.5) | 36 (33.3) | |||||
AB | 2 (3.1) | 7 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (5.6) | |||||
B | 4 (6.2) | 20 (12.7) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (4.1) | 3 (5.4) | 18 (16.7) | |||||
Rh Factor (%) | 0.88 ψ | 0.99 ψ | 0.84 ψ | 0.99 α | 0.63 β | ||||||
Negative | 6 (9.4) | 16 (10.1) | 1 (11.1) | 5 (10.0) | 5 (9.1) | 11 (10.1) | |||||
Positive | 58 (9.6) | 143 (89.9) | 8 (88.9) | 45 (90.0) | 50 (90.9) | 98 (89.9) | |||||
Pathologies | |||||||||||
Allergy (Yes) (%) | 21 (33.3) | 60 (37.0) | 0.60 ψ | 2 (25.0) | 11 (22.0) | 0.99 ψ | 19 (34.5) | 49 (43.7) | 0.25 ψ | 0.71 α | 0.06 β |
Hypertension (Yes) (%) | 29 (43.9) | 73 (44.0) | 0.99 ψ | 5 (55.5) | 29 (55.8) | 0.99 ψ | 24 (42.1) | 44 (38.6) | 0.66 ψ | 0.49 α | 0.03 β |
Diabetes (Yes) (%) | 26 (39.4) | 61 (36.7) | 0.71 ψ | 4 (44.4) | 26 (50.0) | 0.99 ψ | 22 (38.6) | 35 (30.7) | 0.31 ψ | 0.73 α | 0.07 β |
Ultrasound Results | |||||||||||
Liver Volume (%) | <0.001 ψ | <0.001 ψ | <0.001 ψ | 0.09 α | 0.003 β | ||||||
Normal | 61 (93.8) | 27 (16.5) | 7 (77.8) | 6 (11.8) | 54 (96.4) | 21 (18.6) | |||||
Increased | 4 (6.1) | 137 (83.5) | 2 (22.2) | 45 (88.2) | 2 (3.6) | 92 (81.4) | |||||
Liver Margins (%) | 0.99 ψ | 0.35 ψ | 0.55 ψ | 0.14 α | 0.23 β | ||||||
Smooth | 61 (98.4) | 136 (97.8) | 8 (88.9) | 37 (97.4) | 53 (100.0) | 99 (98.0) | |||||
Irregular | 1 (1.6) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | |||||
Gallbladder Volume (%) | 0.98 ψ | 0.82 ψ | 0.63 ψ | 0.39 α | 0.03 β | ||||||
Ablated | 7 (11.3) | 16 (10.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | 7 (13.2) | 14 (12.5) | |||||
Normal | 51 (82.3) | 132 (83.0) | 8 (88.8) | 39 (83.0) | 43 (81.1) | 93 (83.0) | |||||
Expanse | 3 (4.8) | 7 (4.4) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 5 (4.5) | |||||
Contracted | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
Scleroatrophic | 1 (1.6) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.4) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
Gallbladder Stones (Yes) (%) | 5 (8.9) | 30 (20.7) | 0.05 ψ | 0 (0.0) | 11 (23.4) | 0.18 ψ | 5 (10.6) | 19 (19.4) | 0.18 ψ | 0.58 α | 0.67 β |
Spleen Volume (%) | 0.55 ψ | 0.99 ψ | 0.44 ψ | 0.58 α | 0.57 β | ||||||
Normal | 60 (90.9) | 151 (93.2) | 9 (100.0) | 46 (93.9) | 51 (89.5) | 105 (92.9) | |||||
Increased | 6 (9.1) | 11 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.1) | 6 (10.5) | 8 (7.1) |
Parameters * | Males | p ^ | Females | p ^ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prehospitalization | Surgery | Prehospitalization | Surgery | |||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 47.9 ± 10.2 | 49.1 ± 10.2 | 0.17 | 46.1 ± 7.5 | 45.1 ± 7.3 | 0.09 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 100.6 ± 16.1 | 99.6 ± 23.2 | 0.79 | 94.7 ± 12.9 | 97.3 ± 18.9 | 0.11 |
Fractional Total Bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.46 |
Direct fractional bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.19 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.86 |
Indirect fractional bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.74 |
Azotemia (mg/dL) | 36.2 ± 9.3 | 31.8 ± 15.2 | 0.0002 | 34.7 ± 10.6 | 28.0 ± 11.4 | <0.0001 |
Creatininaemia (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.009 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
GOT (U/L) | 24.7 ± 8.7 | 25.6 ± 9.3 | 0.79 | 22.6 ± 7.6 | 27.8 ± 18.1 | <0.0001 |
GGT (U/I) | 27.5 ± 19.5 | 23.8 ± 18.4 | 0.002 | 20.3 ± 15.4 | 18.9 ± 19.8 | <0.0001 |
ALP (mU/mL) | 154.8 ± 60.5 | 115.3 ± 55.8 | <0.0001 | 158.9 ± 64.0 | 115.5 ± 52.3 | <0.0001 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.5 ± 2.3 | 140.4 ± 3.5 | 0.02 | 138.8 ± 2.5 | 140.2 ± 4.2 | 0.001 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 0.08 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 0.99 |
GPT (U/L) | 39.5 ± 20.1 | 39.1 ± 22.6 | 0.35 | 29.2 ± 14.3 | 34.7 ± 29.1 | 0.23 |
Lipase (U/L) | 37.1 ± 12.7 | 30.9 ± 14.2 | 0.001 | 36.2 ± 11.8 | 30.0 ± 13.9 | <0.0001 |
Prothrombin Time—P (%) | 108.6 ± 16.1 | 103.0 ± 11.6 | 0.34 | 108.2 ± 20.5 | 94.8 ± 18.4 | 0.0005 |
I.N.R. | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.34 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0003 |
Partial Thromboplastin Time (sec) | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 0.18 | 28.4 ± 9.9 | 28.5 ± 13.2 | 0.99 |
Ratio | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.99 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.14 |
WBC (K/mcL) | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 10.6 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 10.0 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
RBC (M/mcL) | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
Hgb (g/dL) | 14.8 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 1.3 | <0.0001 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 12.4 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
HCT (%) | 44.6 ± 3.2 | 41.6 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 | 40.5 ± 3.3 | 37.6 ± 3.5 | <0.0001 |
MCV (fL) | 86.7 ± 4.4 | 86.9 ± 6.4 | 0.05 | 84.9 ± 6.2 | 84.9 ± 6.5 | 0.03 |
MCH (pg) | 28.9 ± 1.4 | 28.8 ± 1.8 | 0.36 | 27.9 ± 2.2 | 28.0 ± 2.3 | 0.80 |
MCHC (g/dL) | 33.3 ± 1.1 | 33.2 ± 1.7 | 0.24 | 32.8 ± 1.1 | 33.0 ± 1.2 | 0.09 |
Platelets (K/mcL) | 233.3 ± 56.2 | 210.8 ± 57.1 | <0.0001 | 252.0 ± 55.1 | 229.2 ± 53.9 | <0.0001 |
RDW-CV (%) | 14.2 ± 1.1 | 13.9 ± 1.1 | 0.42 | 14.4 ± 1.1 | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 0.03 |
MPV (fL) | 9.1 ± 1.1 | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 0.14 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 0.99 |
PCT (%) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.002 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 |
PDW (%) | 51.1 ± 5.1 | 51.2 ± 6.3 | 0.09 | 49.4 ± 6.5 | 49.3 ± 6.3 | 0.19 |
Neutrophils (%) | 62.7 ± 6.6 | 78.8 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 | 62.8 ± 7.0 | 79.2 ± 7.2 | <0.0001 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 26.6 ± 5.8 | 12.8 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 | 27.5 ± 6.4 | 13.6 ± 5.9 | <0.0001 |
Monocytes (%) | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 0.09 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 0.62 |
Eosinophils (%) | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
Basophils (%) | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | <0.0001 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
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Donghia, R.; Schiano Di Cola, R.; Cesaro, F.; Vitale, A.; Lippolis, G.; Lisco, T.; Isernia, R.; De Pergola, G.; De Nucci, S.; Rinaldi, R.; et al. Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102381
Donghia R, Schiano Di Cola R, Cesaro F, Vitale A, Lippolis G, Lisco T, Isernia R, De Pergola G, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, et al. Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort. Nutrients. 2023; 15(10):2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102381
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonghia, Rossella, Rita Schiano Di Cola, Filomena Cesaro, Andrea Vitale, Giuseppe Lippolis, Teresa Lisco, Roberta Isernia, Giovanni De Pergola, Sara De Nucci, Roberta Rinaldi, and et al. 2023. "Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort" Nutrients 15, no. 10: 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102381
APA StyleDonghia, R., Schiano Di Cola, R., Cesaro, F., Vitale, A., Lippolis, G., Lisco, T., Isernia, R., De Pergola, G., De Nucci, S., Rinaldi, R., Liso, M., & Giardiello, C. (2023). Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort. Nutrients, 15(10), 2381. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102381