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Nutrients
Volume 14
Issue 8
10.3390/nu14081677
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Review

Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause

by
Celia Bauset
1,
Ana Martínez-Aspas
1,
Sara Smith-Ballester
1,
Alicia García-Vigara
1,
Aitana Monllor-Tormos
1,
Fawzi Kadi
2,
Andreas Nilsson
2 and
Antonio Cano
1,3,*
1
Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2
School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
3
Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081677
Submission received: 13 March 2022 / Revised: 6 April 2022 / Accepted: 13 April 2022 / Published: 18 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies in Postmenopausal Women with Chronic and Metabolic Diseases)
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Abstract

Menopause imposes a dramatic fall in estrogens, which is followed by an increase in the proportion of fat. The rising androgen/estrogen ratio along the menopause transition favors the accumulation of central fat, which contributes to insulin resistance and a series of concatenated effects, leading to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. The modulatory effect of diet on the metabolic syndrome phenotype has been shown for the Mediterranean diet, and nuts are key determinants of these health benefits. This review of the impact of nuts on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome cluster examined studies—prioritizing meta-analyses and systemic reviews—to summarize the potential benefits of nut ingestion on the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with menopause. Nuts have a general composition profile that includes macronutrients, with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The mechanisms set in motion by nuts have shown different levels of efficacy against the disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome, but a beneficial impact on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, and a potential, but minimal reduction in blood pressure and fat accumulation have been found.
Keywords: menopause; metabolic syndrome; nuts; women menopause; metabolic syndrome; nuts; women
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bauset, C.; Martínez-Aspas, A.; Smith-Ballester, S.; García-Vigara, A.; Monllor-Tormos, A.; Kadi, F.; Nilsson, A.; Cano, A. Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081677

AMA Style

Bauset C, Martínez-Aspas A, Smith-Ballester S, García-Vigara A, Monllor-Tormos A, Kadi F, Nilsson A, Cano A. Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause. Nutrients. 2022; 14(8):1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081677

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bauset, Celia, Ana Martínez-Aspas, Sara Smith-Ballester, Alicia García-Vigara, Aitana Monllor-Tormos, Fawzi Kadi, Andreas Nilsson, and Antonio Cano. 2022. "Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause" Nutrients 14, no. 8: 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081677

APA Style

Bauset, C., Martínez-Aspas, A., Smith-Ballester, S., García-Vigara, A., Monllor-Tormos, A., Kadi, F., Nilsson, A., & Cano, A. (2022). Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause. Nutrients, 14(8), 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081677

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