Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Study Endpoints
3. Results
3.1. Association of Leptin Concentrations and Neonate’s Weight Trajectories
3.2. Association of Leptin Concentrations and Neonate’s Subgroups Weight Trajectories
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FT (n = 16) | PT (n = 16) | IUGR (n = 13) | p-Value | Post Hoc Comparison p-Value—Bonferroni | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years # | 31 (30–32) | 32 (29–36) | 32 (30–37) | 0.377 | - |
Cesarean section delivery § | 1 (6.3%) | 11 (68.8%) | 10 (76.9%) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: 0.002 |
IUGR vs. FT: <0.001 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: >0.90 | |||||
Maternal BMI before pregnancy * | 23.5 (3.65) (range 16.5–29.8) | 23.5 (3.98) (range 18.7–30.48) | 23 (3.68) (range 19.0–31.2) | 0.814 | - |
Maternal BMI at delivery * | 28 (3.63) (range 20.8–33.2) | 27.5 (4.0) (range 20.8–35.0) | 26.0 (3.35) (range 220–33.6) | 0.228 | - |
Male neonate § | 8 (50%) | 7 (43.8%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.929 | - |
Gestational Age, weeks # | 40.5 (39.4–41.0) | 33.7 (29.7–34.6) | 36.6 (32.1–37.3) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: <0.001 |
IUGR vs. FT: <0.001 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: 0.217 | |||||
APGAR 1′ | 10 (9–10) | 7.5 (5.5–9) | 9 (6–9) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: <0.001 |
IUGR vs. FT: 0.027 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: 0.304 | |||||
APGAR 5′ | 10 (10–10) | 9 (8–10) | 10 (7–10) | 0.022 | PT vs. FT: 0.003 |
IUGR vs. FT: 0.100 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: 0.402 | |||||
Maternal plasmatic leptin concentration pg/mL # | 44,473.5 (22,214.5–50,302.4) | 75,575.2 (27,219.9–89,243.3) | 71,768.5 (41,890.1–12,1378.1) | 0.213 | - |
Maternal milk leptin concentration pg/mL # | 620.6 (462.3–881.6) | 622.0 (329.7–1235.0) | 844.3 (444.9–1008.9) | 0.782 | - |
CB leptin concentration pg/mL # | 19,280.5 (11,800.8–32,894.8) | 3958.1 (1982.9–11,545.6) | 1588.8 (1223.1–6912.0) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: <0.001 |
IUGR vs. FT: <0.001 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: 0.632 | |||||
Birth weight g # | 3242.5 (3022.5–3585.0) | 1802.5 (1367.5–2203.5) | 1770.0 (1265.0–2265.0) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: <0.001 |
IUGR vs. FT: <0.001 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: >0.90 | |||||
Change in weight g # (increase at 12 months) | 6135 (5893–7110) | 7062 (6275–8565) | 6295 (5970–6955) | 0.272 | |
% Change in weight (increase at 12 months) | 191.7 (183.4–224.8) | 374.9 (288.9–564.6) | 341.6 (288.5–549.8) | <0.001 | PT vs. FT: <0.001 |
IUGR vs. FT: <0.001 | |||||
IUGR vs. PT: >0.90 |
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Garofoli, F.; Mazzucchelli, I.; Angelini, M.; Klersy, C.; Ferretti, V.V.; Gardella, B.; Carletti, G.V.; Spinillo, A.; Tzialla, C.; Ghirardello, S. Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071451
Garofoli F, Mazzucchelli I, Angelini M, Klersy C, Ferretti VV, Gardella B, Carletti GV, Spinillo A, Tzialla C, Ghirardello S. Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age. Nutrients. 2022; 14(7):1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071451
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarofoli, Francesca, Iolanda Mazzucchelli, Micol Angelini, Catherine Klersy, Virginia Valeria Ferretti, Barbara Gardella, Giulia Vittoria Carletti, Arsenio Spinillo, Chryssoula Tzialla, and Stefano Ghirardello. 2022. "Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age" Nutrients 14, no. 7: 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071451
APA StyleGarofoli, F., Mazzucchelli, I., Angelini, M., Klersy, C., Ferretti, V. V., Gardella, B., Carletti, G. V., Spinillo, A., Tzialla, C., & Ghirardello, S. (2022). Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age. Nutrients, 14(7), 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071451