The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners Use on Sweet Taste Perception and Weight Loss Efficacy: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Artificial Sweeteners-Definition, Types, Characteristics
3. Sweet Taste Perception
3.1. Physiological and Neurobiological Mechanism of Sweet Taste Perception
3.2. NNS Exposure and Endocrine Effect
3.3. NNS and Appetite Control
3.4. Neurobiological Aspect of Artificial Sweeteners Consumption
3.5. Changes in Sweetness Perception Induced by Energy Intake Reduction
Study | Sample Group | Taste | Ratings | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hardikar et al. [67] | 23 people BMI > 30 kg/m2 31 people BMI < 25 kg/m2 adults | sweet salty sour bitter | recognition threshold, hedonic response, intensity | People with a BMI > 30 are more sensitive to sweet taste and perceive it more intensely compared to lean people. |
Skrandies et al. [68] | 25 people BMI > 24.9 kg/m2 36 people BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 5 people BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 adults | sweet salty sour bitter | recognition threshold | No effect of BMI on overall taste sensitivity has been demonstrated. |
Vignini et al. [63] | 30 people BMI < 24.9 kg/m2 19 people BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 22 people BMI > 30 kg/m2 adults | sweet salty sour bitter | recognition threshold | Decrease in taste sensitivity as BMI increases. |
Overberg et al. [69] | 99 people > 97 centile 94 people < 90 centile children/teenagers age: 6–18 | sweet sour salty bitter umami | taste sensitivity | Obese children are less sensitive to sweet taste and perceive it less intensely. |
3.6. Weight-Loss Surgery and Sweet Taste Perception
3.7. Influence of Changes in Body Composition on Sweet Taste Perception
4. Sweeteners: Implications for Energy Intake and Body Weight Regulation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sweetener | No. E | Sweetness Compared to Sucrose | Characteristic | Energy | ADI (mg/kg Body Weight/Day) | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspartame | E951 | 200× |
| 4 kcal/g | 50 |
|
Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K) | E950 | 200× |
| is not metabolized in the body and therefore does not provide energy | 15 |
|
Saccharin | E954 | 200–700× |
| is not metabolized in the body and therefore does not provide energy | 15 |
|
Sucralose | E955 | 600× |
| is not metabolized in the body and therefore does not provide energy | 5 |
|
Neotame | E961 | 7000–13,000× |
| does not provide energy | 0–2 |
|
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Wilk, K.; Korytek, W.; Pelczyńska, M.; Moszak, M.; Bogdański, P. The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners Use on Sweet Taste Perception and Weight Loss Efficacy: A Review. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061261
Wilk K, Korytek W, Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Bogdański P. The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners Use on Sweet Taste Perception and Weight Loss Efficacy: A Review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(6):1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061261
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilk, Klara, Wiktoria Korytek, Marta Pelczyńska, Małgorzata Moszak, and Paweł Bogdański. 2022. "The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners Use on Sweet Taste Perception and Weight Loss Efficacy: A Review" Nutrients 14, no. 6: 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061261
APA StyleWilk, K., Korytek, W., Pelczyńska, M., Moszak, M., & Bogdański, P. (2022). The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners Use on Sweet Taste Perception and Weight Loss Efficacy: A Review. Nutrients, 14(6), 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061261