Breastfeeding Practices in the United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions and Postnatal Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Study Instrument
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
aOR | Adjusted Odds Ratio |
CI | Confidence Interval |
EBF | Exclusive breastfeeding |
SD | Standard Deviation |
UAE | United Arab Emirates |
WHO | World Health Organization |
UK | United Kingdom |
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Characteristics | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Mother’s Age (years) | ||
17–19 | 17 | 0.9 |
20–24 | 232 | 12.9 |
25–34 | 1153 | 64.1 |
35–51 | 397 | 22.1 |
Mother’s Nationality a | ||
Emirati | 582 | 32.4 |
Non Emirati-Arab | 606 | 33.8 |
Non Emirati-Non Arab | 607 | 33.8 |
Marital Status b | ||
Married | 1764 | 98.5 |
Un-married | 26 | 1.5 |
Mother’s Education c | ||
Below High School | 76 | 4.3 |
High School | 338 | 19 |
University | 1364 | 76.7 |
Father’s Education d | ||
Below High School | 38 | 2.1 |
High School | 202 | 11.3 |
University | 1551 | 86.6 |
Mother’s Employment Status | ||
Employed | 646 | 35.9 |
Not Employed | 1153 | 64.1 |
Family Financial Well Being e (FFWB) | ||
Excellent/Very Good | 1195 | 66.6 |
Good | 480 | 26.8 |
Fair | 106 | 5.9 |
Poor/Very Poor | 12 | 0.7 |
Parity | ||
1st child | 644 | 35.8 |
2nd child | 535 | 29.8 |
3rd child | 305 | 17.0 |
4th child | 312 | 17.4 |
Pre-Delivery | Post-Delivery N (%) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding Initiation | Exclusive Breastfeeding | Any Breastfeeding | |||||||||||
No | p-Value | <1 Month | 1–3 Months | 3–6 Months | >6 Months | p-Value | <1 Month | 1–3 Months | 3–6 Months | >6 Months | p-Value | ||
Intention to BF | |||||||||||||
Yes | 1655 (97.9) | 36 (2.1) | <0.001 | 292 (22.7) | 388 (30.1) | 298 (23.2) | 309 (24.0) | 0.006 | 24 (2.4) | 110 (11.2) | 143 (14.6) | 703 (71.7) | 0.803 |
No | 79 (73.1) | 29 (26.9) | 26 (35.6) | 19 (26.0) | 21 (28.8) | 7 (9.6) | 1 (1.8) | 8 (14.0) | 10 (17.5) | 38 (66.7) | |||
Knowledge about BF | |||||||||||||
100% correct answers | 394 (96.1) | 16 (3.9) | 0.331 | 62 (19.6) | 90 (28.4) | 68 (21.5) | 97 (30.6) | 0.003 | 7 (2.7) | 26 (9.9) | 38 (14.4) | 192 (73.0) | 0.197 |
50% correct answers | 975 (96.9) | 31 (3.1) | 173 (23.3) | 220 (29.6) | 180 (24.2) | 170 (22.9) | 11 (2.0) | 63 (11.4) | 72 (13.0) | 407 (73.6) | |||
0% correct answers | 365 (95.3) | 18 (4.7) | 83 (27.7) | 97 (32.3) | 71 (23.7) | 49 (16.3) | 7 (3.2) | 29 (13.1) | 43 (19.5) | 142 (64.3) | |||
Support from other people | |||||||||||||
Yes | 1596 (97.7) | 38 (2.3) | <0.001 | 279 (22.6) | 369 (29,8) | 288 (23.3) | 301 (24.3) | 0.010 | 25 (2.7) | 108 (11.5) | 133 (14.1) | 676 (71.8) | 0.137 |
No | 138 (83.6) | 27 (16.4) | 39 (31.7) | 38 (30.9) | 31 (25.2) | 15 (12.2) | 0 (0) | 10 (10.5) | 20 (21.1) | 65 (68.4) |
Started Thinking About BF | Exclusive BF Duration in Months | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trimester | <1 Month | 1–3 Months | 3–6 Months | >6 Months | Total |
First | 137 (18.7) | 209 (28.5) | 188 (25.6) | 200 (27.2) | 734 |
Second | 38 (23.8) | 50 (31.3) | 34 (21.3) | 38 (23.8) | 160 |
Third | 71 (32.7) | 70 (32.3) | 37 (17.1) | 39 (18.0) | 217 |
No intention to BF | 26 (35.6) | 19 (26.0) | 21 (28.8) | 7 (9.6) | 73 |
Number of Mothers Receiving Breastfeeding Advice * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Delivery | Post-Delivery | |||
Encouraging N (%) | Discouraging N (%) | Encouraging N (%) | Discouraging N (%) | |
Health professionals | 535 (29.4) | 2 (0.1) | 787 (38.4) | 8 (0.4) |
Lactation specialists | 220 (12.1) | 2 (0.1) | 568 (27.7) | 5 (0.3) |
Mothers | 437 (24) | 7 (0.4) | 310 (15.1) | 11 (0.6) |
In-laws | 270 (14.9) | 7 (0.4) | 132 (6.4) | 17 (0.9) |
Spouses | 262 (14.4) | 5 (0.3) | 165 (8) | 11 (0.6) |
Other relatives | 61 (3.4) | 13 (0.7) | 55 (2.7) | 22 (1.2) |
Friends/others | 33 (1.8) | 7 (0.4) | 34 (1.7) | 13 (0.7) |
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Taha, Z.; Garemo, M.; El Ktaibi, F.; Nanda, J. Breastfeeding Practices in the United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions and Postnatal Outcomes. Nutrients 2022, 14, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040806
Taha Z, Garemo M, El Ktaibi F, Nanda J. Breastfeeding Practices in the United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions and Postnatal Outcomes. Nutrients. 2022; 14(4):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040806
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaha, Zainab, Malin Garemo, Farid El Ktaibi, and Joy Nanda. 2022. "Breastfeeding Practices in the United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions and Postnatal Outcomes" Nutrients 14, no. 4: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040806
APA StyleTaha, Z., Garemo, M., El Ktaibi, F., & Nanda, J. (2022). Breastfeeding Practices in the United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions and Postnatal Outcomes. Nutrients, 14(4), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040806