Predictive Validity of Image-Based Motivation-to-Eat Visual Analogue Scales in Normal Weight Children and Adolescents Aged 9–14 Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Visual Analogue Scales
2.4. Ad Libitum Food Intake
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Agreement between Visual Analogue Scale Instruments
3.2.1. Bland–Altman Plots
3.2.2. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients
3.2.3. Analysis of Variance
3.3. Predictive Validity of Visual Analogue Scale Instruments
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Means ± SEM | Range |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 11.5 ± 0.3 | 9–14 |
Height (cm) | 154.5 ± 2.1 | 140.5–169.0 |
Body mass (kg) | 44.5 ± 2.1 | 29.9–62.5 |
BMI percentile * | 50.1 ± 6.6 | 6–85 |
Fat mass 1 (%) | 25.9 ± 1.6 | 12.5–38.7 |
Fat-free mass 1 (%) | 74.1 ± 6.7 | 61.3–87.5 |
Ratings Instruments | 0 min | 5 min | 20 min | 35 min | 65 min | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hunger | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.95 (0.85–0.98) | 0.85 (0.60–0.95) | 0.90 (0.72–0.96) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | 0.92 (0.78–0.97) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.92 (0.77–0.97) | 0.94 (0.82–0.98) | 0.90 (0.74–0.97) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | 0.95 (0.86–0.98) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.97 (0.90–0.99) | 0.94 (0.82–0.98) | 0.96 (0.88–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | |
Fullness | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | 0.86 (0.60–0.95) | 0.89 (0.70–0.96) | 0.98 (0.95–0.99) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.89 (0.69–0.96) | 0.80 (0.47–0.93) | 0.77 (0.32–0.92) | 0.90 (0.72–0.96) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.89 (0.71–0.96) | 0.80 (0.45–0.93) | 0.86 (0.63–0.95) | 0.91 (0.75–0.97) | 0.97 (0.89–0.99) | |
DTE | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.91 (0.75–0.97) | 0.90 (0.70–0.96) | 0.91 (0.75–0.97) | 0.92 (0.77–0.97) | 0.72 (0.25–0.90) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.83 (0.52–0.94) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | 0.88 (0.67–0.96) | 0.89 (0.69–0.96) | 0.72 (0.25–0.90) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.89 (0.69–0.96) | 0.93 (0.82–0.98) | 0.94 (0.82–0.98) | 0.95 (0.82–0.99) | 0.96 (0.90–0.99) | |
PFC | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.98 (0.94–0.99) | 0.98 (0.95–0.995) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.95 (0.86–0.98) | 0.92 (0.79–0.97) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.95 (0.86–0.98) | 0.94 (0.84–0.98) | 0.95 (0.84–0.984) | 0.97 (0.85–0.99) | 0.88 (0.67–0.96) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.95 (0.85–0.98) | 0.96 (0.89–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.90 (0.72–0.96) | |
AA | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.97 (0.92–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.98 (0.95–0.99) | 0.99 (0.97–0.996) | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.94 (0.85–0.98) | 0.95 (0.83–0.98) | 0.93 (0.79–0.97) | 0.97 (0.93–0.99) | 0.92 (0.78–0.97) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.98 (0.94–0.99) | 0.94 (0.85–0.98) | 0.94 (0.85–0.98) | 0.97 (0.93–0.99) | 0.98 (0.94–0.99) | |
Thirst | VASpaper vs. VASno-images | 0.96 (0.90–0.99) | 0.95 (0.87–0.98) | 0.96 (0.90–0.99) | 0.96 (0.88–0.98) | 0.93 (0.78–0.97) |
VASpaper vs. VASimages | 0.93 (0.82–0.98) | 0.94 (0.84–0.98) | 0.95 (0.85–0.98) | 0.94 (0.82–0.98) | 0.80 (0.46–0.93) | |
VASimages vs. VASno-images | 0.94 (0.83–0.98) | 0.91 (0.75–0.97) | 0.97 (0.93–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–0.99) | 0.90 (0.71–0.96) |
Instrument | Domain | 0 min | 5 min | 20 min | 35 min | 65 min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VASpaper | Hunger | 0.47 | 0.51 * | 0.64 ** | 0.49 * | −0.004 |
Fullness | −0.20 | −0.47 | −0.64 ** | −0.21 | 0.26 | |
DTE | 0.48 * | 0.57 * | 0.63 ** | 0.61 ** | −0.13 | |
PFC | 0.64 ** | 0.75 *** | 0.75 *** | 0.74 *** | −0.16 | |
AA | 0.50 * | 0.63 ** | 0.74 *** | 0.56 * | −0.18 | |
Thirst | 0.19 | −0.06 | −0.01 | −0.32 | −0.16 | |
Pleasantness 1 | - | 0.28 | - | - | 0.60 * | |
VASno-images | Hunger | 0.49 * | 0.74 *** | 0.75 *** | 0.61 ** | 0.01 |
Fullness | −0.33 | −0.30 | −0.37 | −0.26 | 0.38 | |
DTE | 0.42 | 0.82 *** | 0.69 ** | 0.71 *** | 0.04 | |
PFC | 0.70 ** | 0.80 *** | 0.74 *** | 0.71 *** | −0.16 | |
AA | 0.54 * | 0.68 ** | 0.67 ** | 0.60 * | −0.18 | |
Thirst | 0.21 | −0.12 | −0.12 | −0.34 | −0.32 | |
Pleasantness 1 | - | 0.32 | - | - | 0.23 | |
VASimages | Hunger | 0.50 * | 0.71 *** | 0.76 *** | 0.53 * | 0.04 |
Fullness | −0.17 | −0.45 | −0.41 | −0.41 | 0.32 | |
DTE | 0.53 * | 0.72 *** | 0.75 *** | 0.65 ** | 0.13 | |
PFC | 0.63 ** | 0.74 *** | 0.77 *** | 0.76 *** | −0.08 | |
AA | 0.53 * | 0.69 ** | 0.73 *** | 0.63 ** | −0.12 | |
Thirst | 0.16 | −0.15 | −0.03 | −0.19 | −0.34 | |
Pleasantness 1 | - | 0.20 | - | - | 0.29 |
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Hammond, L.; Morello, O.; Kucab, M.; Totosy de Zepetnek, J.O.; Lee, J.J.; Doheny, T.; Bellissimo, N. Predictive Validity of Image-Based Motivation-to-Eat Visual Analogue Scales in Normal Weight Children and Adolescents Aged 9–14 Years. Nutrients 2022, 14, 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030636
Hammond L, Morello O, Kucab M, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Lee JJ, Doheny T, Bellissimo N. Predictive Validity of Image-Based Motivation-to-Eat Visual Analogue Scales in Normal Weight Children and Adolescents Aged 9–14 Years. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3):636. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030636
Chicago/Turabian StyleHammond, Leila, Olivia Morello, Michaela Kucab, Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek, Jennifer J. Lee, Tarah Doheny, and Nick Bellissimo. 2022. "Predictive Validity of Image-Based Motivation-to-Eat Visual Analogue Scales in Normal Weight Children and Adolescents Aged 9–14 Years" Nutrients 14, no. 3: 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030636