Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Test Beverages
2.4. Analytical Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subjects
3.2. Blood Glucose and Insulin
3.3. Incretins
3.4. Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Indices
3.5. Blood Biochemical Values
3.6. Correlations between the Differences in Insulin Sensitivity with the Difference in GLP-1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PLA | GTC+CCA | ||
---|---|---|---|
Catechin | mg | 0 | 31 |
Epicatechin | mg | 0 | 37 |
Gallocatechin | mg | 0 | 134 |
Epigallocatechin | mg | 0 | 120 |
Catechin gallate | mg | 0 | 23 |
Epicatechin gallate | mg | 0 | 41 |
Gallocatechin gallate | mg | 0 | 108 |
Epigallocatechin gallate | mg | 0 | 126 |
Total catechins | mg | 0 | 620 |
3-caffeoylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 104 |
4-caffeoylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 94 |
5-caffeoylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 102 |
3-feruloylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 25 |
4-feruloylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 23 |
5-feruloylquinic acid | mg | 0 | 25 |
Total chlorogenic acids | mg | 0 | 373 |
Caffeine | mg | 119 | 119 |
Baseline | ||
---|---|---|
Age | y | 41 ± 9 |
Height | cm | 174.2 ± 4.0 |
Weight | kg | 70.3 ± 9.4 |
Body mass index | kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 2.7 |
Body fat | % | 20.3 ± 4.6 |
Waist circumference | cm | 84.5 ± 8.7 |
Systolic blood pressure | mmHg | 129 ± 15 |
Diastolic blood pressure | mmHg | 75 ± 12 |
Body temperature | °C | 36.1 ± 0.4 |
Glucose | mg/dL | 87 ± 5 |
Insulin | µU/mL | 4.2 ± 1.8 |
HOMA-IR | 0.90 ± 0.36 | |
Glucose AUC2h × Insulin AUC2h | 7366 ± 4021 | |
Matsuda Index | 12.3 ± 4.6 | |
HOMA-β | 67.3 ± 34.4 | |
GA | % | 13.3 ± 1.2 |
1,5-AG | µg/mL | 24.3 ± 5.2 |
HbA1c | % | 5.4 ± 0.3 |
h-CRP | mg/dL | 0.036 ± 0.052 |
LDL-C | mg/dL | 113 ± 24 |
HDL-C | mg/dL | 56 ± 13 |
TC | mg/dL | 193 ± 22 |
AST | U/L | 19 ± 5 |
ALT | U/L | 20 ± 11 |
ALP | U/L | 170 ± 33 |
γ-GTP | U/L | 28 ± 14 |
T4 | µg/dL | 7.1 ± 1.0 |
T3 | ng/dL | 104 ± 20 |
TSH | µIU/mL | 1.337 ± 0.629 |
PLA | GTC+CCA | Effect of Difference * Mean (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | kg | 70.7 ± 2.7 | 70.1 ± 2.7 | −0.52 (−0.99, −0.05) | 0.035 |
Body mass index | kg/m2 | 23.2 ± 0.8 | 23.1 ± 0.8 | −0.15 (−0.31, 0.01) | 0.062 |
Body fat | % | 20.4 ± 1.4 | 20.6 ± 1.6 | 0.28 (−0.47, 1.03) | 0.422 |
Waist circumference | cm | 85.0 ± 2.6 | 85.1 ± 2.6 | 0.15 (−0.66, 0.97) | 0.681 |
Systolic blood pressure | mmHg | 130.3 ± 4.2 | 124.8 ± 4.3 | −5.32 (−15.91, 5.27) | 0.285 |
Diastolic blood pressure | mmHg | 80.3 ± 3.3 | 75.7 ± 3.7 | −4.73 (−11.24, 1.77) | 0.134 |
Body temperature | °C | 36.3 ± 0.1 | 36.3 ± 0.1 | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.18) | 0.823 |
HOMA-IR | 1.07 ± 0.15 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | −0.15 (−0.33, 0.03) | 0.099 | |
Glucose AUC2h × Insulin AUC2h | 8367 ± 1686 | 5630 ± 1032 | −2558 (−4697, −420) | 0.024 | |
Matsuda Index | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 14.6 ± 1.4 | 2.96 (0.88, 5.05) | 0.011 | |
HOMA-β | 76.0 ± 10.3 | 64.6 ± 7.4 | −9.50 (−22.08, 3.09) | 0.122 | |
GA | % | 13.2 ± 0.4 | 13.0 ± 0.4 | −0.19 (−0.48, 0.10) | 0.167 |
1,5-AG | µg/mL | 25.7 ± 1.7 | 24.9 ± 1.8 | −0.79 (−1.84, 0.25) | 0.121 |
HbA1c | % | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.245 |
h-CRP | mg/dL | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.397 |
LDL-C | mg/dL | 108.7 ± 7.0 | 110.9 ± 6.8 | 2.57 (−8.43, 13.56) | 0.610 |
HDL-C | mg/dL | 53.3 ± 2.7 | 52.1 ± 3.5 | −1.30 (−4.41, 1.81) | 0.369 |
TC | mg/dL | 191.3 ± 7.5 | 186.9 ± 7.4 | −3.48 (−20.55, 13.58) | 0.655 |
AST | U/L | 19.8 ± 1.6 | 18.9 ± 1.5 | −0.97 (−3.39, 1.46) | 0.390 |
ALT | U/L | 17.3 ± 2.3 | 17.5 ± 2.2 | 0.28 (−3.48, 4.05) | 0.869 |
ALP | U/L | 176.2 ± 13.4 | 171.6 ± 10.5 | −4.40 (−19.39, 10.59) | 0.523 |
γ-GTP | U/L | 26.8 ± 4.8 | 26.4 ± 4.3 | −0.33 (−2.61, 1.94) | 0.748 |
T4 | µg/dL | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 0.18 (−0.46, 0.82) | 0.543 |
T3 | ng/dL | 120.2 ± 7.1 | 121.2 ± 5.4 | 0.45 (−5.77, 6.67) | 0.874 |
TSH | µIU/mL | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.23) | 0.942 |
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Yanagimoto, A.; Matsui, Y.; Yamaguchi, T.; Hibi, M.; Kobayashi, S.; Osaki, N. Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5063. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235063
Yanagimoto A, Matsui Y, Yamaguchi T, Hibi M, Kobayashi S, Osaki N. Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23):5063. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235063
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanagimoto, Aya, Yuji Matsui, Tohru Yamaguchi, Masanobu Hibi, Shigeru Kobayashi, and Noriko Osaki. 2022. "Effects of Ingesting Both Catechins and Chlorogenic Acids on Glucose, Incretin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial" Nutrients 14, no. 23: 5063. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235063