What Do People Know about Food, Nutrition and Health?—General Nutrition Knowledge in the Austrian Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Nutrition Knowledge of the General Population
3.1.1. Selected Results for Single Questions in the General Population
3.1.2. Factors of Influence on Nutrition Knowledge of the General Population
3.2. Nutritional Knowledge of Health Professionals and School Teachers
Health Status
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Group | General Population | Health Professionals | School Teachers | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical Doctors | Pharmacists | Dieticians | Nutritionists | |||||||||||||||
total | m | f | total | m | f | total | m | f | total | m | f | total | m | f | total | m | f | |
n | 1000 | 502 | 498 | 307 | 78 | 227 | 295 | 44 | 251 | 160 | 4 | 156 | 124 | 22 | 102 | 873 | 137 | 735 |
Age group | ||||||||||||||||||
14–19 | 77 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
20–29 | 162 | 83 | 79 | 21 | 5 | 15 | 39 | 4 | 35 | 69 | 1 | 68 | 93 | 19 | 74 | 113 | 13 | 100 |
30–39 | 176 | 89 | 87 | 58 | 11 | 47 | 110 | 18 | 92 | 44 | 0 | 44 | 23 | 2 | 21 | 160 | 17 | 143 |
40–49 | 166 | 86 | 80 | 85 | 16 | 69 | 68 | 9 | 59 | 27 | 2 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 207 | 32 | 175 |
50–59 | 201 | 101 | 100 | 77 | 15 | 62 | 60 | 8 | 52 | 20 | 1 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 321 | 58 | 262 |
60–69 | 148 | 71 | 77 | 58 | 27 | 31 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 17 | 55 |
70–75 | 70 | 33 | 37 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
>75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BMI group | ||||||||||||||||||
<18.5 | 34 | 10 | 24 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 16 | 0 | 16 |
18.5–24.9 | 425 | 190 | 235 | 219 | 47 | 172 | 213 | 24 | 189 | 128 | 0 | 128 | 104 | 19 | 85 | 548 | 63 | 485 |
25.0–29.9 | 323 | 193 | 130 | 54 | 20 | 34 | 52 | 19 | 33 | 21 | 4 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 222 | 58 | 164 |
≥30.0 | 217 | 109 | 108 | 25 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 87 | 16 | 71 |
Subjective health status | ||||||||||||||||||
Poor | 44 | 20 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 7 |
Fair | 252 | 129 | 123 | 33 | 12 | 21 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 86 | 18 | 68 |
Good | 453 | 217 | 236 | 107 | 23 | 84 | 84 | 14 | 70 | 42 | 1 | 41 | 29 | 6 | 23 | 358 | 52 | 306 |
Very good | 216 | 115 | 101 | 125 | 29 | 96 | 159 | 24 | 135 | 86 | 3 | 83 | 61 | 12 | 49 | 335 | 50 | 285 |
Excellent | 35 | 21 | 14 | 39 | 12 | 27 | 39 | 5 | 34 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 23 | 2 | 21 | 85 | 15 | 70 |
Subsample | Section 1 (Nutritional Recommendations) | Section 2 (Food Composition) | Section 3 (Food Choice) | Section 4 (Health Problems) | Total Score | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical Doctors (n = 307) | M | 75.73 | 78.05 | 86.32 | 88.49 | 81.29 |
Md | 77.78 | 77.78 | 84.62 | 90.48 | 81.82 | |
SD | 10.45 | 8.04 | 10.54 | 7.33 | 5.65 | |
Min | 38.89 | 50.00 | 53.85 | 57.14 | 60.23 | |
Max | 100.00 | 97.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 93.18 | |
Pharmacists (n = 295) | M | 76.53 | 80.45 | 89.93 | 88.28 | 82.92 |
Md | 77.78 | 80.56 | 92.31 | 90.48 | 84.09 | |
SD | 9.95 | 8.06 | 8.73 | 7.23 | 5.38 | |
Min | 38.89 | 41.67 | 61.54 | 57.14 | 64.77 | |
Max | 100.00 | 94.44 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 94.32 | |
Dieticians (n = 160) | M | 75.28 | 88.33 | 90.91 | 94.55 | 87.53 |
Md | 77.78 | 88.89 | 92.31 | 95.24 | 87.50 | |
SD | 10.98 | 5.41 | 8.66 | 4.71 | 3.72 | |
Min | 33.33 | 72.22 | 61.54 | 80.95 | 78.41 | |
Max | 94.44 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 96.59 | |
Nutritionists (n =124) | M | 77.96 | 84.25 | 88.77 | 92.36 | 85.57 |
Md | 77.78 | 86.11 | 92.31 | 95.24 | 86.36 | |
SD | 9.21 | 8.38 | 10.63 | 7.23 | 6.29 | |
Min | 44.44 | 36.11 | 46.15 | 42.86 | 40.91 | |
Max | 94.44 | 97.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 94.32 | |
School teachers (n = 873) | M | 70.71 | 70.66 | 83.19 | 78.99 | 74.51 |
Md | 72.22 | 72.22 | 84.62 | 80.95 | 75.00 | |
SD | 13.04 | 11.49 | 12.99 | 12.75 | 9.51 | |
Min | 11.11 | 8.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.09 | |
Max | 94.44 | 97.22 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 94.32 | |
General population (n = 1000) | M | 61.12 | 57.42 | 65.38 | 66.04 | 61.41 |
Md | 66.67 | 58.33 | 69.23 | 71.43 | 63.64 | |
SD | 16.97 | 15.10 | 21.21 | 16.87 | 14.11 | |
Min | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.69 | 4.76 | 2.27 | |
Max | 94.44 | 88.89 | 100.00 | 95.24 | 88.64 | |
Analysis of Covariance with age and sex as covariants | F (5;2750) = 108.934 p < 0.001 | F (5;2750) = 361.568 p < 0.001 | F (5;2750) = 197.777 p < 0.001 | F (5;2750) = 307.705 p < 0.001 | F (5;2750) = 392.103 p < 0.001 | |
Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc analysis. p < 0.05 | Nutritionists > dieticians = pharmacists = medical doctors > school teachers > general population | Dieticians > nutritionists > pharmacists > medical doctors > school teachers > general population | Dieticians = pharmacists = Nutritionists > medical doctors > school teachers > general population | Dieticians = nutritionists > pharmacists = medical doctors > school teachers > general population | Dieticians = nutritionists > pharmacists > medical doctors > school teachers > general population |
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Gruber, M.; Iwuchukwu, C.G.; Sperr, E.; König, J. What Do People Know about Food, Nutrition and Health?—General Nutrition Knowledge in the Austrian Population. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4729. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224729
Gruber M, Iwuchukwu CG, Sperr E, König J. What Do People Know about Food, Nutrition and Health?—General Nutrition Knowledge in the Austrian Population. Nutrients. 2022; 14(22):4729. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224729
Chicago/Turabian StyleGruber, Marlies, Chinyere Gina Iwuchukwu, Elisabeth Sperr, and Jürgen König. 2022. "What Do People Know about Food, Nutrition and Health?—General Nutrition Knowledge in the Austrian Population" Nutrients 14, no. 22: 4729. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224729