Allergic Disorders and Risk of Anemia in Japanese Children: Findings from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. JECS and Study Design
2.2. Allergic Diseases at the Age of 2 Years
2.3. Anemia at the Age of 3 Years and Confounding Variables
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between Allergic Disorders and Anemia
3.3. Propensity Score Analysis
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis and Subgroup Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model 1 # | Model 2 $ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | 95% CI | ||||||
Outcome Events | ORs | Lower | Upper | ORs | Lower | Upper | |
Asthma | Yes vs. No | 1.85 | 1.32 | 2.60 | 1.91 | 1.36 | 2.69 |
Atopic dermatitis | Yes vs. No | 2.18 | 1.66 | 2.85 | 2.17 | 1.65 | 2.84 |
Rhinitis | Yes vs. No | 1.35 | 1.05 | 1.74 | 1.36 | 1.06 | 1.75 |
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis | Yes vs. No | 2.95 | 1.91 | 4.54 | 2.94 | 1.91 | 4.53 |
Food allergy | Yes vs. No | 1.92 | 1.44 | 2.56 | 1.90 | 1.42 | 2.53 |
Any allergy | Yes vs. No | 1.80 | 1.41 | 2.29 | 1.81 | 1.42 | 2.30 |
Atopic diseases, No. | 1 vs. 0 | 1.38 | 1.05 | 1.82 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 1.83 |
>1 vs. 0 | 2.84 | 2.12 | 3.82 | 2.86 | 2.13 | 3.84 |
95% CI | 95% CI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome Events | OR ab | Lower | Upper | OR ac | Lower | Upper | |
Asthma | Yes vs. No | 1.62 | 1.09 | 2.41 | 1.75 | 1.11 | 2.76 |
Atopic dermatitis | Yes vs. No | 2.36 | 1.76 | 3.16 | 2.35 | 1.75 | 3.17 |
Allergic rhinitis | Yes vs. No | 1.35 | 1.02 | 1.78 | 1.39 | 1.05 | 1.83 |
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis | Yes vs. No | 2.99 | 1.80 | 4.97 | 2.88 | 1.77 | 4.69 |
Food allergy | Yes vs. No | 1.95 | 1.42 | 2.68 | 2.04 | 1.47 | 2.82 |
Any allergy | Yes vs. No | 1.87 | 1.42 | 2.45 | 1.86 | 1.41 | 2.43 |
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Yang, L.; Sato, M.; Saito-Abe, M.; Miyaji, Y.; Shimada, M.; Sato, C.; Nishizato, M.; Kumasaka, N.; Mezawa, H.; Yamamoto-Hanada, K.; et al. Allergic Disorders and Risk of Anemia in Japanese Children: Findings from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204335
Yang L, Sato M, Saito-Abe M, Miyaji Y, Shimada M, Sato C, Nishizato M, Kumasaka N, Mezawa H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, et al. Allergic Disorders and Risk of Anemia in Japanese Children: Findings from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(20):4335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204335
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Limin, Miori Sato, Mayako Saito-Abe, Yumiko Miyaji, Mami Shimada, Chikako Sato, Minaho Nishizato, Natsuhiko Kumasaka, Hidetoshi Mezawa, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, and et al. 2022. "Allergic Disorders and Risk of Anemia in Japanese Children: Findings from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study" Nutrients 14, no. 20: 4335. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204335