The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Sampling
2.2. Study Protocol
2.3. Study Variables
2.3.1. Outcomes
- Quantitative aspect of the diet: Total energy intake and macronutrient distribution
- Qualitative aspect of the diet: Food classification according to processing
- Temporal distribution of food intake
2.3.2. Independent Variables
- Composite Phase Deviations
- Chronotype
2.3.3. Descriptive Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. No Effects of Melatonin on Energy, Quali/Quantitative Intake and Meal Timing
4.2. No Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Food Intake in Association with Circadian Misalignment or Chronotype
4.3. Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) or Mean ± SE |
---|---|
Age (years) | 37.1 ± 0.6 |
Marital status (married) | 17.0 (63.0) |
Current position (nursing technician) | 14.0 (51.9) |
Education level (complete or incomplete graduation) | 16.0 (59.2) |
Lifetime exposure to night work (years) | 9.1 ± 0.7 |
The main reason to work at night (reconcile work with home and/or children’s care) | 11.0 (40.7) |
Second job (yes) | 2.0 (7.4) |
Smoking (no) | 27.0 (100.0) |
Alcohol intake (only on special occasions) | 17.0 (63.0) |
Physical activity (none) | 17.0 (63.0) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 0.4 |
CPD (hours) | 2.9 ± 0.2 |
Chronotype (hours) | 3.3 ± 0.2 |
Variables | Mean ± SE | Effects (p) | Goodness of Fit *** | |
---|---|---|---|---|
% TEI * | Melatonin | Placebo | Intervention ** | |
Qualitative aspect | ||||
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods | 49.2 ± 3.2 | 52.6 ± 3.5 | 0.17 | 12.1 |
Processed foods | 15.3 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 0.43 | 23.5 |
Ultra-processed foods | 34.7 ± 2.4 | 34.8 ± 3.2 | 0.98 | 15.2 |
Quantitative aspect | ||||
Carbohydrate | 46 ± 9.7 | 44.6 ± 9.0 | 0.89 | 10.4 |
Protein | 20.7 ± 10.2 | 21.3 ± 10.0 | 0.67 | 13.9 |
Fat | 32.1 ± 7.9 | 33.1 ± 8.0 | 0.80 | 13.6 |
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Nogueira, L.F.R.; Crispim, C.A.; Cipolla-Neto, J.; de Castro Moreno, C.R.; Marqueze, E.C. The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163420
Nogueira LFR, Crispim CA, Cipolla-Neto J, de Castro Moreno CR, Marqueze EC. The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight. Nutrients. 2022; 14(16):3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163420
Chicago/Turabian StyleNogueira, Luciana Fidalgo Ramos, Cibele Aparecida Crispim, José Cipolla-Neto, Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno, and Elaine Cristina Marqueze. 2022. "The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight" Nutrients 14, no. 16: 3420. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163420