Disruption of Glutamate Homeostasis in the Brain of Rat Offspring Induced by Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Maternal High-Sugar Diet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Diets
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Tissue Sampling
2.5. Microdialysis
2.6. LC/MS/MS
2.7. Western Blot
2.8. Immunofluorescence Assays
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Maternal HSD Increases Extracellular Glu Level in Both Female and Male Offspring
3.2. Expression of Glu Transporter Proteins (Western Blot)
3.3. Expression of Glu Transporter Proteins (Immunofluorescence Staining)
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Dilution | Manufacturer | Cat. Number |
---|---|---|---|
Western blot—primary antibodies | |||
EAAT1 | 1:1000 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab416 |
EAAT2 | 1:500 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab178401 |
xCT | 1:1000 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab175186 |
VGLUT1 | 1:1000 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab77822 |
Western blot—secondary antibodies | |||
Goat anti-rabbit IgG | 1:5000 | Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA) | A27036 |
Immunofluorescence assays—primary antibodies | |||
EAAT1 | 1:300 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab416 |
EAAT2 | 1:600 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab41621 |
VGLUT1 | 1:1000 | Merck Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) | AMAb91041 |
GFAP | 1:1000 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab4674 |
MAP2 | 1:1000 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab5392 |
Immunofluorescence assays—secondary antibodies | |||
Goat anti-chicken AF488 | 1:300 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab150173 |
Goat anti-rabbit AF594 | 1:300 | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) | ab150080 |
Goat anti-chicken AF594 | 1:400 | Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) | A32759 |
Goat anti-mouse AF488 | 1:400 | Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) | A32723 |
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Mizera, J.; Pomierny, B.; Sadakierska-Chudy, A.; Bystrowska, B.; Pomierny-Chamiolo, L. Disruption of Glutamate Homeostasis in the Brain of Rat Offspring Induced by Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Maternal High-Sugar Diet. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112184
Mizera J, Pomierny B, Sadakierska-Chudy A, Bystrowska B, Pomierny-Chamiolo L. Disruption of Glutamate Homeostasis in the Brain of Rat Offspring Induced by Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Maternal High-Sugar Diet. Nutrients. 2022; 14(11):2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112184
Chicago/Turabian StyleMizera, Jozef, Bartosz Pomierny, Anna Sadakierska-Chudy, Beata Bystrowska, and Lucyna Pomierny-Chamiolo. 2022. "Disruption of Glutamate Homeostasis in the Brain of Rat Offspring Induced by Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Maternal High-Sugar Diet" Nutrients 14, no. 11: 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112184