A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Study Selection Progress
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Fetal Growth Studies Examining First- and Second-Trimester Exposure
3.2. Fetal Growth Studies Examining Third-Trimester Exposure and Delivery
3.3. Fetal Growth Studies with Multiple Samples and US Scan Assessments throughout Pregnancy
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Selection | Comparability | Outcome/Exposure | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Krętowska et al., 2019 [34] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Pinney et al., 2017 [35] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Burstyn et al., 2013 [36] | **** | ** | *** | 9 |
Phillipat et al., 2014 [37] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Phillipat et al., 2019 [38] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Lee et al., 2014 [39] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Lee et al., 2018 [40] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Dalkan et al., 2019 [41] | *** | * | *** | 7 |
Chou et al., 2011 [42] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Gounden et al., 2019 [43] | *** | * | *** | 7 |
Xu et al., 2015 [44] | ** | * | *** | 6 |
Wang et al., 2017 [45] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Troisi et al., 2014 [46] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Huo et al., 2015 [47] | **** | ** | *** | 9 |
Ding et al., 2017 [48] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Tang et al., 2013 [49] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Padmanabhan et al., 2008 [50] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Veiga-Lopez et al., 2015 [51] | *** | * | ** | 7 |
Huang et al., 2017 [52] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Mustieles et al., 2018 [53] | ** | ** | *** | 7 |
Aker et al., 2019 [54] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Woods et al., 2017 [55] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Ferguson et al., 2016 [56] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Casas et al., 2016 [57] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Snijder et al., 2013 [58] | *** | ** | *** | 8 |
Author | Year | Reason for Exclusion |
---|---|---|
Bell et al., 2018 [60] | 2018 | BPA not measured during pregnancy or at delivery |
Smarr et al., 2015 [61] | 2015 | BPA not measured during pregnancy or at delivery |
Miao et al., 2011 [62] | 2011 | BPA not measured in a biological sample |
Study | Participants—Country—Type of Study | Biological Sample—Time—Method of Detection—Detection Limit/Limit of Quantification | Median Concentration-50th Percentile/Mean Concentration/ | BW/EFW | BL/WFL | SGA/LBW | AC/FL/HC/BPD | PI | PW/PBWR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krętowska et al., 2019 [34] | 52—Poland cohort study | Maternal blood, amniotic fluid—between 15 and 18 weeks—GC-MS | 8.69 ng/mL (plasma), 1.03 ng/mL (amniotic fluid)/- | ↓ BPA permeability factor—BW (R = −0.54, p < 0.001) | |||||
Pinney et al., 2017 [35] | 130—USA cohort study | Amniotic fluid—between 16 and 22 weeks (mean 17.2)—LC-ECAPCI-MS/MS—0.08 ng/mL/0.25 ng/mL | 0.36 ng/mL/- | ↓ 241.8 g (group with 0.41–2.0 ng/mL BPA compared to group with ≤0.25 ng/mL | |||||
Burstyn et al., 2013 [36] | 1100 –Canada case–control study | Maternal serum—15–16 weeks—APCI-MS/MS—0.1 ng/mL | -/0.5 ng/mL (mean difference: 0 ng/mL) | - | |||||
Phillipat et al., 2014 [37] | 520—France cohort study | Maternal urine -between 22 and 29 weeks—0.4 ng/mL | 2.4 ng/mL/- | -/- | - | -/-/-/- | |||
Phillipat et al., 2019 [38] | 473—France cohort study | Maternal urine—between 23 and 29 weeks—online solid phase extraction—HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry—0.4 ng/mL | 2.34 ng/mL/- | - | -/- | ||||
Lee et al., 2014 [39] | 757—Korea cohort study | Maternal urine—28–42 weeks—HPLC-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry—0.12–0.28 ng/mL | 1.08 ng/mL (1.63 μg/g creatinine)/1.29 ng/mL (1.87 μg/g creatinine) | ↑ 66.9 g in ♂ (second tertile compared to first) | - | ↑ 0.12 g/cm3 × 100 in ♀ (r = 0.11) | |||
Lee et al., 2018 [40] | 788—Korea cohort study | Maternal urine—third trimester Neonatal urine—HPLC-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry −0.12–0.28 ng/mL | -/1.26 μg/g Cr | ↑ in BPA by 1 log-transformed unit of BPA/Cr: ↑ z-score 0.05 and 0.06 in ♂/- | ↑ in BPA by 1 log-transformed unit of BPA/Cr: -/↑ 0.05 0.07 in ♀ | ↑ in BPA by 1 log-transformed unit of BPA/Cr: ↓ FL 0.03 cm and 0.06 cm (GSTs) | |||
Dalkan et al., 2019 [41] | 150—Cyprus cohort study | Cord blood—delivery—sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)— | -/48.3 ± 2.22 ng/mL | -/ | -/ | - (HC) | |||
Chou et al., 2011 [42] | 97—Taiwan cohort study | Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood—delivery—HPLC/UV detector—0.13 ng/mL | -/2.5 ng/mL (maternal blood) and 0.5 ng/mL (umbilical cord blood) | ↑ (OR = 2.01)/ ↑ (OR = 2.42) | |||||
Gounden et al., 2019 [43] | 90—South Africa cohort study | Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood—third trimester –ultra HPLC–MS/MS—0.12 ng/mL | Maternal blood: BPA (0.95 ng/mL), BPA-glucuronide (4.71 ng/mL), cord blood: BPA (0.92 ng/mL), BPA-glucuronide (4.21 ng/mL)/- | ↑ (cord blood BPA)/ | |||||
Xu et al., 2015 [44] | 200—China cohort study | Cord blood, placenta—delivery—GC/MS | 6.369 ng/mL (exposed group) 2.824 ng/mL (reference group)/- | -/ | -/ | ||||
Wang et al., 2017 [45] | 620—China cohort study | Maternal urine—delivery -HPLC-MS/MS—0.1 ng/mL | -/1.32 ng/mL | -/ | - | ||||
Troisi et al., 2014 [46] | 200—USA case–control study | Placenta—delivery—isotope dilution GC-MS | -/103.4 ± 61.8 ng/g | -/↓ CBWC for ↑ BPA (p = 0.0112, r = −0.179) | ↑ BPA (157.9 ng/g)/↑ BPA (125.4 ng/g) in cases | ||||
Huo et al., 2015 [47] | 452—China case–control study | Maternal urine—delivery—UPLC–MS/MS—0.2 ng/mL | 4.70 ng/mL (cases) 2.25 ng/mL (controls) p < 0.05/- | -/↑ Risk, OR = 3.13 for the medium tertile, OR = 2.49 for the highest tertile | |||||
Ding et al., 2017 [48] | 496—China cohort study | Maternal urine—delivery—HPLC-MS/MS—0.1 ng/mL | 0.48 ng/mL, 1.07 μg/g creatinine/- | - | 10-fold ↑ in BPA ↑ 0.63 cm in ♂/- | - (HC) | - | ||
Tang et al., 2013 [49] | 567—China cohort study | Maternal urine—delivery—UPLC–MS/MS—0.36 ng/mL | -/0.91 ng/mL | -/ | -/ | ||||
Padmanabhan et al., 2008 [50] | 40—USA cohort study | Maternal blood—delivery—HPLC-MS/MS—0.5 ng/mL | -/5.9 ng/mL | -/ | |||||
Veiga-Lopez et al., 2015 [51] | 80—USA cohort study | Maternal blood— 8—14 weeks and delivery Umbilical cord blood—delivery—HPLC-MS/MS—Phase 1: 0.05 ng/mL, Phase 2: 0.02 ng/mL | -/Phase 1: Maternal blood (8–14 weeks: 1.0 ng/mL, delivery 1.7 ng/mL, umbilical cord blood 0.5 ng/mL Phase 2: Maternal blood (8–14 weeks: 4.8 ng/mL, delivery 11.9 ng/mL, umbilical cord blood 3.1 ng/mL | ↓ (−55 g and −183 g in ♀ for 2-fold increase in BPA (8–14 weeks)/ | |||||
Huang et al., 2017 [52] | 162—Taiwan cohort study | Maternal urine—11, 26 weeks and delivery- time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an electrospray interface and UPLC—0.16 ng/mL | /11 weeks: 0.17 μg/g creatinine, 26 weeks: 0.37 μg/g creatinine, delivery: 0.34 μg/g creatinine | -/ | -/ | ↓ (HC) −0.52 cm (3rd trimester) | |||
Mustieles et al., 2018 [53] | 346—USA cohort study | Maternal and paternal urine (preconception, 6, 21 and 35 weeks)—HPLC-MS/MS—0.4 ng/mL | /1.6 ng/mL (paternal), 1.5 ng/mL (maternal preconception) and 1.2 ng/mL (maternal prenatal) | each ln unit ↑ in BPA: ↓ 119 g (maternal preconception)/ | ↑ in BPA: ↓ HC 0.72 cm (maternal preconception) | ||||
Aker et al., 2019 [54] | 922—Puerto Rico cohort study | Maternal urine—16–20, 20–24 and 24–28 weeks—HPLC-MS/MS—0.2 ng/mL | /2.02 ng/mL (all), 2.16 ng/mL (16–20 weeks), 2.07 ng/mL (20–24 weeks), 1.78 ng/mL (24–28 weeks) | -/ | |||||
Woods et al., 2017 [55] | 272—USA cohort study | Maternal urine, maternal blood—16 and 26 weeks/LC -MS or GC-MS—0.4 μg/g | /2.1 μg/g | -/ | |||||
Ferguson et al., 2016 [56] | 482—USA cohort study | Maternal urine—at median 10, 18, 26, and 35 weeks, LC-MS/MS | 1.28 ng/mL (10 weeks), 1.33 ng/mL (18 and 26 weeks), 1.32 ng/mL (35 weeks)/ | -/- | -/-/-/ | ||||
Casas et al., 2016 [57] | 470—Spain cohort study | Maternal urine—12 and 32 weeks—LC-MS-0.1 ng/mL, 0.1 μg/g (creatinine-adjusted) | -/2.3 ng/mL, 2.6 μg/g | -/↓ (–5.74% SD) in ♂ (12 to 20 weeks), ↑ in ♀ (12 weeks)—not creatinine-adjusted | ↑ (6.41% SD) in ♀ (12 weeks)/↓ in ♂ (12 to 20 weeks)/-/- | ||||
Snijder et al., 2013 [58] | 219—Netherlands cohort study | Maternal urine—13, 21 and 30 weeks—tandem mass spectrometry—0.26 ng/mL, 0.05 ng/mL | -/1.7 µg/g, 3.2 µg/g | -/↓ (–683 g) | -/-/↓ (–3.9 cm)/- |
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Vrachnis, N.; Loukas, N.; Vrachnis, D.; Antonakopoulos, N.; Zygouris, D.; Kοlialexi, A.; Pergaliotis, V.; Iavazzo, C.; Mastorakos, G.; Iliodromiti, Z. A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2426. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072426
Vrachnis N, Loukas N, Vrachnis D, Antonakopoulos N, Zygouris D, Kοlialexi A, Pergaliotis V, Iavazzo C, Mastorakos G, Iliodromiti Z. A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2426. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072426
Chicago/Turabian StyleVrachnis, Nikolaos, Nikolaos Loukas, Dionysios Vrachnis, Nikolaos Antonakopoulos, Dimitrios Zygouris, Aggeliki Kοlialexi, Vasilios Pergaliotis, Christos Iavazzo, George Mastorakos, and Zoi Iliodromiti. 2021. "A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2426. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072426