Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Brazilian Celiac Individuals over the Course of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Instrument
2.2. Participants and Ethics
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of the Sample
3.2. Instrument Reliability Analysis
3.3. Quality of Life
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Range | Floor Effect (%) | Ceiling Effect (%) | Internal Consistency (Cronbach’ Alpha) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotion | 34.81 (8.42) | 35 (29–42) | 10–49 | 0% | 2.1% | 0.820 |
Social | 25.82 (8.87) | 26 (19–32) | 7–49 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.916 |
Worries | 34.86 (10.25) | 36 (27–44) | 8–49 | 0% | 6.1% | 0.842 |
Gastrointestinal | 29.77 (10.75) | 30 (21–39) | 7–49 | 0.6% | 1.5% | 0.838 |
Total Score | 125.26 (32.02) | 127 (100–151) | 43–194 | 0% | 0% | 0.936 |
Gastrointestinal | Emotions | Social | Worries | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | |
Gender * | ||||||||||
Women (n = 631) | 34.87 (8.46) a | 0.534 | 25.87 (8.75) a | 0.663 | 34.85 (10.28) a | 0.925 | 29.70 (10.82) a | 0.548 | 125.29 (32.07) a | 0.940 |
Men (n = 43) | 34.05 (7.72) a | 25.14 (10.59) a | 35.00 (9.77) a | 30.72 (9.72) a | 124.91 (31.63) a | |||||
Age * | ||||||||||
≤39 (n = 405) | 34.34 (8.54) a | 0.090 | 24.66 (8.54) a | <0.001 | 34.61 (10.42) a | 0.463 | 29.49 (10.83) a | 0.442 | 123.11 (32.01) a | 0.039 |
40 (n = 264) | 35.47 (8.20) a | 27.51 (9.11) b | 35.21 (10.02) a | 30.14 (10.56) a | 128.34 (31.75) a | |||||
Age at diagnosis * | ||||||||||
≤39 (n = 512) | 34.46 (8.46) a | 0.049 | 25.02 (8.59) a | <0.001 | 34.46 (10.35) a | 0.071 | 29.40 (10.91) a | 0.119 | 123.34 (32.00) a | 0.006 |
40 (n = 162) | 35.94 (8.21) b | 28.35 (9.29) b | 36.12 (9.81) a | 30.91 (10.17) a | 131.33 (31.43) b | |||||
Marital status * | ||||||||||
No partner (n = 397) | 35.46 (8.46) a | 0.021 | 26.77 (8.95) a | 0.001 | 34.98 (10.19) a | 0.803 | 29.30 (10.73) a | 0.148 | 126.52 (32.39) a | 0.264 |
With partner (n = 275) | 33.94 (8.29) b | 24.47 (8.62) b | 34.78 (10.29) a | 30.52 (10.75) a | 123.72 (31.42) a | |||||
Children under 18* | ||||||||||
Yes (n = 284) | 34.89 (8.53) a | 0.805 | 25.75 (8.65) a | 0.856 | 34.14 (10.25) a | 0.122 | 28.46 (10.60) a | 0.009 | 123.25 (31.65) a | 0.174 |
No (n = 387) | 34.73 (8.36) a | 25.88 (9.07) a | 35.39 (10.24) a | 30.66 (10.78) b | 126.66 (32.31) a | |||||
Educational level ** | ||||||||||
≤High school (n = 109) | 32.90 (8.98) a | 23.96 (9.11) a | 32.59 (9.99) a | 27.09 (10.98) a | 116.54 (32.38) a | |||||
College (n = 258) | 33.36 (8.57) a | <0.001 | 25.20 (8.77) ab | 0.003 | 33.61 (10.39) a | <0.001 | 28.71 (10.54) a | <0.001 | 120.87 (31.72) a | <0.001 |
Postgraduate degree (n = 307) | 36.73 (7.67) b | 27.00 (8.73) b | 36.71 (9.92) b | 31.61 (10.55) b | 132.05 (30.83) b | |||||
Occupation ** | ||||||||||
Self-employed/private company (n = 335) | 35.18 (8.06) a | 25.95 (8.93) a | 35.51 (9.95) a | 30.35 (10.67) ab | 126.99 (31.21) a | |||||
Public agency (n = 153) | 35.39 (8.54) a | 0.104 | 26.86 (8.59) a | 0.076 | 34.57 (10.44) a | 0.114 | 29.28 (11.14) ab | 0.044 | 126.10 (33.01) a | 0.084 |
Student (n = 80) | 33.00 (9.26) a | 24.56 (8.32) a | 34.91 (9.17) a | 30.66 (11.27) a | 123.14 (31.86) a | |||||
Retired/unemployed (n = 86) | 33.85 (8.69) a | 24.10 (9.71) a | 32.53 (11.42) a | 26.86 (9.63) b | 117.35 (32.90) a | |||||
Gluten-free diet * | ||||||||||
Always (n = 597) | 35.48 (8.36) a | <0.001 | 26.40 (8.77) a | <0.001 | 35.20 (10.26) a | 0.015 | 30.38 (10.66) a | <0.001 | 127.46 (31.78) a | <0.001 |
Not always (n = 77) | 29.71 (7.03) b | 21.29 (8.35) b | 32.18 (9.79) b | 25.03 (10.32) b | 108.21 (28.77) b | |||||
Antidepressants * | ||||||||||
Yes (n = 145) | 32.46 (8.37) a | <0.001 | 22.15 (7.61) a | <0.001 | 33.28 (10.05) a | 0.032 | 27.70 (10.70) a | 0.008 | 115.59 (30.27) a | <0.001 |
No (n = 526) | 35.51 (8.30) b | 26.86 (8.94) b | 35.35 (10.25) b | 30.36 (10.69) b | 128.08 (31.94) b | |||||
Positive test for COVID-19 * | ||||||||||
Yes (n = 42) | 34.38 (8.85) a | 0.723 | 26.71 (9.51) a | 0.509 | 36.98 (9.10) a | 0.131 | 31.24 (10.74) a | 0.367 | 129.31 (32.19) a | 0.405 |
No (n = 631) | 34.86 (8.40) a | 25.78 (8.82) a | 34.73 (10.31) a | 29.69 (10.74) a | 125.06 (32.00) a | |||||
Infected Family Member ** | ||||||||||
Yes: living together (n = 51) | 34.86 (8.80) a | 27.80 (9.28) a | 35.69 (8.88) a | 31.96 (9.41) a | 130.31 (29.76) a | |||||
Yes: do not live together (n = 179) | 34.02 (8.50) a | 0.328 | 25.08 (8.80) a | 0.147 | 34.40 (10.13) a | 0.695 | 28.77 (10.80) a | 0.152 | 122.26 (32.18) a | 0.222 |
No (n = 444) | 35.14 (8.33) a | 25.89 (8.83) a | 34.95 (10.45) a | 29.92 (10.85) a | 125.89 (32.16) a |
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Falcomer, A.L.; Farage, P.; Pratesi, C.B.; Pratesi, R.; Gandolfi, L.; Nakano, E.Y.; Raposo, A.; Zandonadi, R.P. Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Brazilian Celiac Individuals over the Course of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051582
Falcomer AL, Farage P, Pratesi CB, Pratesi R, Gandolfi L, Nakano EY, Raposo A, Zandonadi RP. Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Brazilian Celiac Individuals over the Course of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051582
Chicago/Turabian StyleFalcomer, Ana Luísa, Priscila Farage, Cláudia B. Pratesi, Riccardo Pratesi, Lenora Gandolfi, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, António Raposo, and Renata Puppin Zandonadi. 2021. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Brazilian Celiac Individuals over the Course of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic" Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051582
APA StyleFalcomer, A. L., Farage, P., Pratesi, C. B., Pratesi, R., Gandolfi, L., Nakano, E. Y., Raposo, A., & Zandonadi, R. P. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Brazilian Celiac Individuals over the Course of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic. Nutrients, 13(5), 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051582