Effect of Oat β-Glucan on Affective and Physical Feeling States in Healthy Adults: Evidence for Reduced Headache, Fatigue, Anxiety and Limb/Joint Pains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Visits
2.2. Interventions
2.3. Symptoms Questionnaire
2.4. Data Analysis, Management and Calculations
2.5. Power Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Gastrointestinal (GI) Symptoms
3.2. Non-GI Symptoms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
References
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Non-GI Symptom | Major GI Symptom | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Absent (n = 103) | Present (n = 88) | ||
Headache | 16 (16) | 28 (32) | 0.008 |
Fatigue | 20 (19) | 46 (52) | <0.001 |
Pains in joints or limbs | 8 (8) | 35 (40) | <0.001 |
Feelings of anxiety | 12 (12) | 27 (31) | 0.001 |
Lack of energy | 7 (7) | 39 (44) | <0.001 |
Tend to become exhausted | 8 (8) | 26 (30) | <0.001 |
Lack of appetite | 6 (6) | 11 (13) | 0.11 |
Gloomy thoughts | 3 (3) | 13 (15) | 0.003 |
Inner tension | 4 (4) | 14 (16) | 0.005 |
Diminished ability to concentrate | 2 (2) | 18 (20) | <0.001 |
Hot flashes | 10 (10) | 25 (28) | <0.001 |
Feeling cold | 5 (5) | 23 (26) | <0.001 |
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Wolever, T.M.S.; Rahn, M.; Dioum, E.H.; Jenkins, A.L.; Ezatagha, A.; Campbell, J.E.; Chu, Y. Effect of Oat β-Glucan on Affective and Physical Feeling States in Healthy Adults: Evidence for Reduced Headache, Fatigue, Anxiety and Limb/Joint Pains. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051534
Wolever TMS, Rahn M, Dioum EH, Jenkins AL, Ezatagha A, Campbell JE, Chu Y. Effect of Oat β-Glucan on Affective and Physical Feeling States in Healthy Adults: Evidence for Reduced Headache, Fatigue, Anxiety and Limb/Joint Pains. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051534
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolever, Thomas M. S., Maike Rahn, El Hadji Dioum, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Adish Ezatagha, Janice E. Campbell, and YiFang Chu. 2021. "Effect of Oat β-Glucan on Affective and Physical Feeling States in Healthy Adults: Evidence for Reduced Headache, Fatigue, Anxiety and Limb/Joint Pains" Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051534