Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Punishment Sensitivity
1.2. Reward Sensitivity
1.3. Effortful Control
1.4. The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants & Procedure
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Punishment Sensitivity
3.2. Reward Sensitivity
3.3. Effortful Control
4. Discussion
4.1. Sensitivity to Punishment
4.2. Effortful Control
4.3. Reward Sensitivity
4.4. Clinical Implications
4.5. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AN-R (N = 12) | AN-BP (N = 69) | BN (N = 89) | HC (N = 84) | Class II Obesity − BE (N = 138) | Class II Obesity + BE (N = 72) | Class III Obesity − BE (N = 289) | Class III Obesity + BE (N = 140) | F | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
Age | 24.60 a | (6.17) | 24.52 b | (5.04) | 24.41 c | (5.22) | 38.05 a,b,c,d | (12.15) | 42.07 a,b,c,d,e | (10.19) | 37.19 a,b,c,e,f | (11.07) | 39.42 a,b,c,e,g | (12.74) | 35.53 a,b,c,e,g | (11.75) | 58.55 *** |
BMI | 15.40 a | (1.66) | 16.27 b | (1.67) | 20.96 a,b,c | (1.77) | 21.65 a,b,d | (1.74) | 37.52 a,b,c,d,e | (1.45) | 37.78 a,b,c,d,f | (1.58) | 43.74 a,b,c,d,e,f,g | (4.03) | 43.89 a,b,c,d,e,f | (4.32) | 2223.92 *** |
M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | ||
BIS-TOT | 3.55 a | (0.05) | 3.62 b | (0.06) | 3.40 a,b,c | (0.06) | 3.19 a,b,c,d | (0.06) | 3.06 a,b,c,d,e | (0.04) | 3.06 a,b,c,f | (0.06) | 3.11 a,b,c,g | (0.03) | 3.26 a,b,c,e,f,g | (0.04) | 15.33 *** |
BAS-TOT | 2.79 | (0.04) | 2.74 | (0.06) | 2.78 | (0.05) | 2.75 | (0.05) | 2.79 | (0.04) | 2.85 | (0.05) | 2.85 | (0.03) | 2.92 | (0.04) | 1.91 |
BAS-DR | 2.45 a | (0.06) | 2.36 b | (0.08) | 2.37c | (0.07) | 2.34 d | (0.07) | 2.53 d,e | (0.06) | 2.50 f | (0.08) | 2.56 b,c,d,g | (0.04) | 2.62 a,b,c,d | (0.05) | 2.70 ** |
BAS-FS | 2.60 | (0.05) | 2.67 | (0.07) | 2.71 | (0.06) | 2.65 | (0.06) | 2.60 | (0.05) | 2.74 | (0.06) | 2.64 | (0.03) | 2.76 | (0.05) | 1.61 |
BAS-RR | 3.20 | (0.04) | 3.10 | (0.06) | 3.16 | (0.05) | 3.17 | (0.05) | 3.16 | (0.04) | 3.23 | (0.06) | 3.24 | (0.03) | 3.29 | (0.04) | 1.80 |
EC-TOT | 4.55 a | (0.07) | 4.18 a,b | (0.09) | 3.96 a,c | (0.08) | 4.75 b,c,d | (0.08) | 4.73 b,c,e | (0.06) | 4.36 c,d,e,f | (0.09) | 4.74 a,b,c,f,g | (0.04) | 4.45 b,c,d,e,g | (0.06) | 14.45 *** |
EC-INH | 4.81 a | (0.08) | 4.28 a,b | (0.11) | 4.16 a,c | (0.10) | 4.83 b,c,d | (0.10) | 4.61 b,c,e | (0.08) | 4.19 a,d,e,f | (0.11) | 4.62 b,c,f,g | (0.05) | 4.31 a,d,e,g | (0.08) | 9.15 *** |
EC-ACT | 4.85 a | (0.09) | 4.52 a,b | (0.11) | 4.12 a,b,c | (0.10) | 4.94 b,c,d | (0.10) | 5.00 b,c,e | (0.08) | 4.70 c,e,f | (0.10) | 4.98 b,c,f,g | (0.06) | 4.73 c,e,g | (0.08) | 9.68 *** |
EC-ATT | 3.79 a | (0.10) | 3.57 b | (0.13) | 3.49 a,c | (0.12) | 4.35 a,b,c,d | (0.11) | 4.52 a,b,c,e | (0.09) | 4.09 b,c,e,f | (0.12) | 4.58 a,b,c,f,g | (0.06) | 4.25 a,b,c,e,g | (0.09) | 14.85 *** |
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Claes, L.; Kiekens, G.; Boekaerts, E.; Depestele, L.; Dierckx, E.; Gijbels, S.; Schoevaerts, K.; Luyckx, K. Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum? Nutrients 2021, 13, 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103327
Claes L, Kiekens G, Boekaerts E, Depestele L, Dierckx E, Gijbels S, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum? Nutrients. 2021; 13(10):3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103327
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaes, Laurence, Glenn Kiekens, Els Boekaerts, Lies Depestele, Eva Dierckx, Sylvia Gijbels, Katrien Schoevaerts, and Koen Luyckx. 2021. "Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum?" Nutrients 13, no. 10: 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103327